A catalyst may include a metallic function derived from a metal constrained within cages and/or channels of a microporous material, wherein the cages and/or channels of the microporous material are defined by 8 tetrahedral atoms or fewer; and an acidic function derived from an additional zeolite having cages and/or channels defined by 10 or more tetrahedral atoms, wherein the microporous material providing the metallic function and additional zeolite providing the acidic function are coupled by a binder.

Embodiments relate generally to systems and method for processing tars to produce benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX). A method for processing tars may comprise distilling the tars to separate creosotes and pitch; and processing the pitch via hydropyrolysis, including both hydrogenation and hydrocracking functions, to remove heteroatoms and break down polyaromatics in the pitch and produce monoaromatics, such as BTX. A system for processing tars may comprise one or more of the following: an input stream comprising tars feeding into a column; the column configured to separate the tars into one or more creosote streams and a pitch stream; and a reactor (or a series of reactors, or beds within a single reactor), wherein the pitch stream is fed to the reactor along with a stream of hydrogen, wherein the reactor is configured to break down the pitch to produce BTX.

Embodiments relate generally to systems and method for processing tars to produce benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX). A method for processing tars may comprise distilling the tars to separate creosotes and pitch; and processing the pitch via hydropyrolysis, including both hydrogenation and hydrocracking functions, to remove heteroatoms and break down polyaromatics in the pitch and produce monoaromatics, such as BTX. A system for processing tars may comprise one or more of the following: an input stream comprising tars feeding into a column; the column configured to separate the tars into one or more creosote streams and a pitch stream; and a reactor (or a series of reactors, or beds within a single reactor), wherein the pitch stream is fed to the reactor along with a stream of hydrogen, wherein the reactor is configured to break down the pitch to produce BTX.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a light olefin, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing a light olefin by using same, and can provide a catalyst for preparing a light olefin, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing a light olefin by using same, the catalyst comprising a porous zeolite, a clay, an inorganic oxide binder, and Ag.sub.2O and P.sub.2O.sub.5 which are supported in the pores and/or on the surface of the porous zeolite.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a light olefin, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing a light olefin by using same, and can provide a catalyst for preparing a light olefin, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing a light olefin by using same, the catalyst comprising a porous zeolite, a clay, an inorganic oxide binder, and Ag.sub.2O and P.sub.2O.sub.5 which are supported in the pores and/or on the surface of the porous zeolite.

A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed which includes introducing vaporizing a hydrocarbon feed and a heat generating material (HGM) stream comprising at least one aldehyde or ketone to a cracking reactor. The hydrocarbon feed and the HGM stream are vaporized and may be vaporized prior or subsequent to introduction to the cracking reactor. The addition of the HGM to the endothermic cracking process provides the heat needed for cracking and helps the overall process to achieve thermal neutrality. The method includes cracking the hydrocarbon feed to produce a cracking product, where the cracking product comprises C.sub.1-C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons.

A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed which includes introducing vaporizing a hydrocarbon feed and a heat generating material (HGM) stream comprising at least one aldehyde or ketone to a cracking reactor. The hydrocarbon feed and the HGM stream are vaporized and may be vaporized prior or subsequent to introduction to the cracking reactor. The addition of the HGM to the endothermic cracking process provides the heat needed for cracking and helps the overall process to achieve thermal neutrality. The method includes cracking the hydrocarbon feed to produce a cracking product, where the cracking product comprises C.sub.1-C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons.

A catalyst composition includes a metal catalyst dispersed in a molten eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides. A process for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons includes contacting in a reactor system a carbon-containing feedstock with at least one catalyst in the presence of oxygen to generate olefinic and/or aromatic compounds; and collecting the olefinic and/or aromatic compounds; wherein: the at least one catalyst includes a metal catalyst dispersed in a molten eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides. A process for preparing the catalyst includes mixing metal catalyst precursors selected from transition metal compounds and rare-earth metal compounds and a eutectic mixture of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or hydroxides and heating it. A use of the catalyst in the catalytic cracking process of hydrocarbons.

The present disclosure relates to co-processing at least a fossil-based feed, pyrolysis liquid and a distillation residue from tall oil distillation in an oil refinery conversion process.

The present disclosure relates to co-processing at least a fossil-based feed, pyrolysis liquid and a distillation residue from tall oil distillation in an oil refinery conversion process.