Methods of chemical looping include introducing a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream into a first reaction zone. The first reaction zone includes a moving catalyst bed reactor. The moving catalyst bed reactor includes a heterogeneous catalyst, and the heterogeneous catalyst includes a heat-generating metal oxide component. The method further includes cracking the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream in the presence of the heterogeneous catalyst of the moving catalyst bed reactor, reducing the metal oxide heat-generating component of the heterogeneous catalyst with hydrogen from a product stream to generate heat, and utilizing the heat to drive additional cracking of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. A chemical looping system includes at least one reduction reactor, which includes a moving catalyst bed reactor and a heterogeneous catalyst, and at least one oxidation reactor fluidly coupled to the reduction reactor.

Methods of chemical looping include introducing a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream into a first reaction zone. The first reaction zone includes a moving catalyst bed reactor. The moving catalyst bed reactor includes a heterogeneous catalyst, and the heterogeneous catalyst includes a heat-generating metal oxide component. The method further includes cracking the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream in the presence of the heterogeneous catalyst of the moving catalyst bed reactor, reducing the metal oxide heat-generating component of the heterogeneous catalyst with hydrogen from a product stream to generate heat, and utilizing the heat to drive additional cracking of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. A chemical looping system includes at least one reduction reactor, which includes a moving catalyst bed reactor and a heterogeneous catalyst, and at least one oxidation reactor fluidly coupled to the reduction reactor.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material. Any two or more metals are loaded in the porous support structure, the two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce, where each metal loaded in the porous support structure is present in an amount from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %. In example embodiments, the catalyst structure includes three or more of the metals loaded in the porous support structure. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a multi-stage process for upgrading a mixed pyrolysis oil comprising polyaromatic compounds to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) includes combining light pyrolysis oil with heavy pyrolysis oil to form the mixed pyrolysis oil; upgrading the mixed pyrolysis oil in a slurry-phase reactor zone to produce intermediate products, wherein the slurry-phase reactor zone comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst; and hydrocracking the intermediate products in a fixed-bed reactor zone to produce the BTEX, wherein the fixed-bed reactor zone comprises a mesoporous zeolite-supported metal catalyst.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a multi-stage process for upgrading a mixed pyrolysis oil comprising polyaromatic compounds to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) includes combining light pyrolysis oil with heavy pyrolysis oil to form the mixed pyrolysis oil; upgrading the mixed pyrolysis oil in a slurry-phase reactor zone to produce intermediate products, wherein the slurry-phase reactor zone comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst; and hydrocracking the intermediate products in a fixed-bed reactor zone to produce the BTEX, wherein the fixed-bed reactor zone comprises a mesoporous zeolite-supported metal catalyst.

A method that integrates a catalytic cracking process with a crude oil conversion to chemicals process is disclosed. The method may include contacting, in a catalytic cracking reactor, a mixture of the hydrocarbon stream comprising primarily C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 hydrocarbons from crude oil processing and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon stream produced in a steam cracking unit with a catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce an effluent comprising olefins.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

A catalyst structure includes a porous support structure, where the support structure includes an aluminosilicate material and any two or more metals loaded in the porous support structure selected from Ga, Ag, Mo, Zn, Co and Ce. The catalyst structure is used in a hydrocarbon upgrading process that is conducted in the presence of methane, nitrogen or hydrogen.

Provided is a Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalyst composition having increased propylene production with respect to other Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalysts (measured at constant conversion). The catalyst composition comprises a particulate which comprises (a) non-rare earth metal exchanged Y-zeolite in an amount in the range of about 5 to about 50 wt %, based upon the weight of the particulate; and (b) ZSM-5 zeolite in an amount in the range of about 2 to about 50 wt %, based upon the weight of the particulate.

Methods of chemical looping include introducing a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream into a first reaction zone. The first reaction zone includes a moving catalyst bed reactor. The moving catalyst bed reactor includes a heterogeneous catalyst, and the heterogeneous catalyst includes a heat-generating metal oxide component. The method further includes cracking the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream in the presence of the heterogeneous catalyst of the moving catalyst bed reactor, reducing the metal oxide heat-generating component of the heterogeneous catalyst with hydrogen from a product stream to generate heat, and utilizing the heat to drive additional cracking of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream. A chemical looping system includes at least one reduction reactor, which includes a moving catalyst bed reactor and a heterogeneous catalyst, and at least one oxidation reactor fluidly coupled to the reduction reactor.