In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an integrated process for upgrading a hydrocarbon oil feed stream utilizing a delayed coker, steam enhanced catalytic cracker, and an aromatics complex includes solvent deasphalting the hydrocarbon oil stream; delayed coking the heavy residual hydrocarbons; hydrotreating the delayed coker product stream and the deasphalted oil stream to form a light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream and a heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; passing at least a portion of the light steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, the heavy steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, or both to a product separator to produce a olefin product stream, a naphtha product stream, and a BTX product stream; and processing the naphtha product stream in the aromatics complex to produce benzene and xylenes.

In accordance with one or more embodiments herein, an integrated process for upgrading a hydrocarbon oil feed stream utilizing a delayed coker, steam enhanced catalytic cracker, and an aromatics complex includes solvent deasphalting the hydrocarbon oil stream; delayed coking the heavy residual hydrocarbons; hydrotreating the delayed coker product stream and the deasphalted oil stream to form a light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream and a heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the light C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; steam enhanced catalytically cracking the heavy C.sub.5+ hydrocarbon stream; passing at least a portion of the light steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, the heavy steam enhanced catalytically cracked stream, or both to a product separator to produce a olefin product stream, a naphtha product stream, and a BTX product stream; and processing the naphtha product stream in the aromatics complex to produce benzene and xylenes.

Light olefins may be produced from a hydrocarbon feed by a method that includes separating the hydrocarbon feed into at least a light gas fraction stream comprising C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanes, a light fraction stream comprising C.sub.5+ alkanes, and a heavy fraction stream. The temperature cut between the light fraction stream and the heavy fraction stream may be at 280 C. to 320 C. The method may further include steam cracking at least a portion of the light gas fraction stream to produce a steam cracked effluent stream and catalytically cracking at least a portion of the light fraction stream and the heavy fraction stream in a steam enhanced catalytic cracker (SECC) to produce a catalytically cracked effluent stream. The steam cracked effluent stream and the catalytically cracked effluent stream may be sent to a product separator to produce the light olefins.

Light olefins may be produced from a hydrocarbon feed by a method that includes separating the hydrocarbon feed into at least a light gas fraction stream comprising C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanes, a light fraction stream comprising C.sub.5+ alkanes, and a heavy fraction stream. The temperature cut between the light fraction stream and the heavy fraction stream may be at 280 C. to 320 C. The method may further include steam cracking at least a portion of the light gas fraction stream to produce a steam cracked effluent stream and catalytically cracking at least a portion of the light fraction stream and the heavy fraction stream in a steam enhanced catalytic cracker (SECC) to produce a catalytically cracked effluent stream. The steam cracked effluent stream and the catalytically cracked effluent stream may be sent to a product separator to produce the light olefins.

A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon-based composition includes combining a heated water stream and a pressurized, heated hydrocarbon-based composition in a mixing device to create a combined feed stream. The combined feed stream is introduced into a supercritical water reactor operating at a temperature greater than a critical temperature of water and a pressure greater than a critical pressure of water. The combined feed stream is at least partially converted to an upgraded product. At least one catalyst lobular structure is present in the supercritical water reactor.

A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon-based composition includes combining a heated water stream and a pressurized, heated hydrocarbon-based composition in a mixing device to create a combined feed stream. The combined feed stream is introduced into a supercritical water reactor operating at a temperature greater than a critical temperature of water and a pressure greater than a critical pressure of water. The combined feed stream is at least partially converted to an upgraded product. At least one catalyst lobular structure is present in the supercritical water reactor.

Methods for cracking a polyolefin are provided which comprise heating a blend comprising a polyolefin and an unsupported acidic polyoxometalate in a reaction zone of a reactor chamber, the reaction zone at a reaction temperature, while flowing a gas through the blend, to induce carbon-carbon bond cleavage in the polyolefin and form a processed blend comprising cracked hydrocarbons; passing at least a portion of the processed blend to a reflux zone of the reactor chamber, the reflux zone at a reflux temperature; and collecting the cracked hydrocarbons.

Methods for cracking a polyolefin are provided which comprise heating a blend comprising a polyolefin and an unsupported acidic polyoxometalate in a reaction zone of a reactor chamber, the reaction zone at a reaction temperature, while flowing a gas through the blend, to induce carbon-carbon bond cleavage in the polyolefin and form a processed blend comprising cracked hydrocarbons; passing at least a portion of the processed blend to a reflux zone of the reactor chamber, the reflux zone at a reflux temperature; and collecting the cracked hydrocarbons.