The invention relates to a process and a plant for producing pure hydrogen from an input gas containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons, in particular from a hydrogen-containing refinery off-gas, by steam reforming in a steam reforming stage and multi-stage hydrogen enrichment. According to the invention the input gas containing hydrogen and hydrocarbons is separated in a first hydrogen enrichment stage into a hydrogen-enriched substream and a hydrogen-depleted sub stream, wherein at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched substream is supplied to a second hydrogen enrichment stage or introduced into the pure hydrogen product stream and at least a portion of the hydrogen-depleted substream is supplied to the steam reforming stage as a reforming feed stream or as part thereof and/or to the burners as a fuel gas stream.

Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst in the presence of steam to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 30 wt. % olefins; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins.

The invention provides an improved system for separation technology intended to reduce unwanted catalyst/thermal reactions by minimizing contact of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst within the reactor.

The invention provides an improved system for separation technology intended to reduce unwanted catalyst/thermal reactions by minimizing contact of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst within the reactor.

A hydroprocessing system having a processing vessel that discharges a high temperature effluent that must be cooled prior to collection in a reflux drum. One or more gas assisted spray nozzle are provided that utilize light atomizing gas having a density of 8-15 times less than air, such as hydrogen, which preferably is the processing or recycle gas of the system. The spray nozzles are designed for the efficient atomization and direction of cooling water into a micron sized droplet distribution utilizing the light atomizing gas for affecting higher mass and heat transfer from the effluent. The spray nozzles each include a unique atomizing gas and cooling liquid passageway systems, a downstream impingement post, and a plurality of discharge orifices which sequentially breakdown the liquid into micron sized droplets as low as 500 microns and less.

A hydroprocessing system having a processing vessel that discharges a high temperature effluent that must be cooled prior to collection in a reflux drum. One or more gas assisted spray nozzle are provided that utilize light atomizing gas having a density of 8-15 times less than air, such as hydrogen, which preferably is the processing or recycle gas of the system. The spray nozzles are designed for the efficient atomization and direction of cooling water into a micron sized droplet distribution utilizing the light atomizing gas for affecting higher mass and heat transfer from the effluent. The spray nozzles each include a unique atomizing gas and cooling liquid passageway systems, a downstream impingement post, and a plurality of discharge orifices which sequentially breakdown the liquid into micron sized droplets as low as 500 microns and less.

The invention relates to a process of catalytic conversion by dehydro steam cracking of paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons from a naphtha feedstock to propylene in presence of steam, comprising the following steps: a. providing a naphtha feedstock (1) containing one or more paraffins and/or naphthene's comprising 4 to 10 carbons atoms; b. contacting (3) said naphtha feedstock (1) with a catalyst composition in the presence of steam in a reaction zone under dehydro steam cracking conditions at a temperature of at most 650 C., resulting in the production of an effluent (5); c. recovering the effluent of step b) and separating (7) it into a converted fraction (9) and an unconverted fraction (11), wherein the unconverted fraction (11) comprises propane and one or more paraffins comprising 4 to 10 carbons atoms; and d. submitting the unconverted fraction (11) to a steam cracking step;
wherein the catalyst composition comprises one or more acid zeolite catalysts comprising at least one 10-membered ring channels, and one or more soft dehydrogenation elements containing basic compounds selected from rare-earth or alkaline earth metals oxide, salts or hydroxide.

Systems and methods for steam and catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon inlet stream comprising hydrocarbons. Systems and methods can include a catalyst feed stream, where the catalyst feed stream comprises a fluid and a heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous catalyst operable to catalyze cracking of the hydrocarbons on surfaces of the heterogeneous catalyst a steam feed stream, where the steam feed stream is operable to effect steam cracking of the hydrocarbons, and where the steam feed stream decreases coking of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a downflow reactor, where the downflow reactor is operable to accept and mix the hydrocarbon inlet stream, the catalyst feed stream, and the steam feed stream, where the downflow reactor is operable to produce light olefins by steam cracking and catalytic cracking, and where the downflow reactor is operable to allow the heterogeneous catalyst to flow downwardly by gravity.

Systems and methods for steam and catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon inlet stream comprising hydrocarbons. Systems and methods can include a catalyst feed stream, where the catalyst feed stream comprises a fluid and a heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous catalyst operable to catalyze cracking of the hydrocarbons on surfaces of the heterogeneous catalyst a steam feed stream, where the steam feed stream is operable to effect steam cracking of the hydrocarbons, and where the steam feed stream decreases coking of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a downflow reactor, where the downflow reactor is operable to accept and mix the hydrocarbon inlet stream, the catalyst feed stream, and the steam feed stream, where the downflow reactor is operable to produce light olefins by steam cracking and catalytic cracking, and where the downflow reactor is operable to allow the heterogeneous catalyst to flow downwardly by gravity.

Systems and methods for steam and catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon inlet stream comprising hydrocarbons. Systems and methods can include a catalyst feed stream, where the catalyst feed stream comprises a fluid and a heterogeneous catalyst, the heterogeneous catalyst operable to catalyze cracking of the hydrocarbons on surfaces of the heterogeneous catalyst a steam feed stream, where the steam feed stream is operable to effect steam cracking of the hydrocarbons, and where the steam feed stream decreases coking of the heterogeneous catalyst; and a downflow reactor, where the downflow reactor is operable to accept and mix the hydrocarbon inlet stream, the catalyst feed stream, and the steam feed stream, where the downflow reactor is operable to produce light olefins by steam cracking and catalytic cracking, and where the downflow reactor is operable to allow the heterogeneous catalyst to flow downwardly by gravity.