In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a continuous catalytic deasphalting process includes introducing a feed comprising crude oil and solvent to a first reactor to deasphalt the feed, producing polymerized asphaltene adsorbed to the catalyst and deasphalted oil; introducing solvent to a second reactor to regenerate catalyst in the second reactor while the deasphalting step is performed in the first reactor; introducing a wash solvent to the first reactor after deasphalting to remove the polymerized asphaltene, thereby regenerating the catalyst in the first reactor and producing a mixture comprising solvent and polymerized asphaltene; passing the mixture to a separator downstream of the reactor system to separate the wash solvent from the polymerized asphaltenes; and reintroducing at least a portion of the separated wash solvent to at least one of the first and second reactors.

Methods for separation of oxygenates or other chemical components from fuels using chemical processes and separations including, but not limited to, onboard applications in vehicles. These separations may take place using a variety of materials and substances whereby a target material of interest is captured, held, and then released at a desired location and under desired conditions. In one set of experiments we demonstrated an enhancement in the separation of diaromatics by >38 times over gasoline and aromatics by >3.5 times over gasoline. This would give an advantage to reducing cold-start emissions, or emissions during transient conditions, in either gasoline or diesel.

Methods for separation of oxygenates or other chemical components from fuels using chemical processes and separations including, but not limited to, onboard applications in vehicles. These separations may take place using a variety of materials and substances whereby a target material of interest is captured, held, and then released at a desired location and under desired conditions. In one set of experiments we demonstrated an enhancement in the separation of diaromatics by >38 times over gasoline and aromatics by >3.5 times over gasoline. This would give an advantage to reducing cold-start emissions, or emissions during transient conditions, in either gasoline or diesel.

An acid medium is provided comprising one or more water-soluble oxidized disulfide oil ODSO compounds. The use of such an acid medium is disclosed as a replacement for conventional acids. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an ODSO acid or ODSO acid mixture medium comprising, consisting of or consisting essentially of one or more polar water-soluble ODSO compounds, including polar water-soluble ODSO compounds present in an effluent refinery hydrocarbon stream recovered following catalytic oxidation of mercaptans present in a petroleum feedstream.

An acid medium is provided comprising one or more water-soluble oxidized disulfide oil ODSO compounds. The use of such an acid medium is disclosed as a replacement for conventional acids. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an ODSO acid or ODSO acid mixture medium comprising, consisting of or consisting essentially of one or more polar water-soluble ODSO compounds, including polar water-soluble ODSO compounds present in an effluent refinery hydrocarbon stream recovered following catalytic oxidation of mercaptans present in a petroleum feedstream.

The invention relates to hydrocarbon pyrolysis, e.g., the steam cracking of feeds comprising hydrocarbon and nitrogen-containing compositions. The invention also relates to equipment, systems, and apparatus useful for such pyrolysis, to the products and by-products of such pyrolysis, and to the further processing of such products and co-products, e.g., by polymerization.

The invention relates to hydrocarbon pyrolysis, e.g., the steam cracking of feeds comprising hydrocarbon and nitrogen-containing compositions. The invention also relates to equipment, systems, and apparatus useful for such pyrolysis, to the products and by-products of such pyrolysis, and to the further processing of such products and co-products, e.g., by polymerization.

A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.

Provided are extraction methods and systems to remove contaminants in a subterranean formation. The method of contaminant removal comprises introducing one or more organic acids and one or more organic acid surfactant boosters into a hydrocarbon-containing stream, recovering the hydrocarbon-containing stream from a subterranean formation, and separating at least a portion of the contaminants from the hydrocarbon-containing stream. The organic acids and the organic acid surfactant boosters have a synergistic effect that improves the contaminant removal efficacy of the organic acid.

Provided are extraction methods and systems to remove contaminants in a subterranean formation. The method of contaminant removal comprises introducing one or more organic acids and one or more organic acid surfactant boosters into a hydrocarbon-containing stream, recovering the hydrocarbon-containing stream from a subterranean formation, and separating at least a portion of the contaminants from the hydrocarbon-containing stream. The organic acids and the organic acid surfactant boosters have a synergistic effect that improves the contaminant removal efficacy of the organic acid.