A process, a system, and an apparatus for separation of an oxygenate from a stream is provided. More specifically, a stream comprising the oxygenate is introduced to a quench tower along with a caustic outlet stream comprising a metal salt. Contact between the oxygenate and the metal salt results in conversion of a portion of the oxygenate into a derivative salt. The derivative salt and unconverted oxygenate are condensed by quenching and substantially removed from the quench tower as an oxygenate outlet stream. The gaseous components of the stream, minus a substantial portion of the oxygenate, are removed from the quench tower as a quench outlet stream.

A process, a system, and an apparatus for separation of an oxygenate from a stream is provided. More specifically, a stream comprising the oxygenate is introduced to a quench tower along with a caustic outlet stream comprising a metal salt. Contact between the oxygenate and the metal salt results in conversion of a portion of the oxygenate into a derivative salt. The derivative salt and unconverted oxygenate are condensed by quenching and substantially removed from the quench tower as an oxygenate outlet stream. The gaseous components of the stream, minus a substantial portion of the oxygenate, are removed from the quench tower as a quench outlet stream.

Aqueous treatment compositions for crude oil and/or petroleum distillates to remove sulfur compounds therefrom and treatment methods using such compositions are disclosed. The composition has less than 0.5% wt/wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound, a strong base, less than 1% wt/wt divalent metal gluconate, a balance of water, and a pH that is 9 or greater. The treatment method includes adding said treatment composition to crude oil or a petroleum distillate to form a mixture having 0.001% to 0.02% wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound/wt oil and 0.001% to 0.03% wt divalent metal gluconate/wt oil and mixing the same together.

Aqueous treatment compositions for crude oil and/or petroleum distillates to remove sulfur compounds therefrom and treatment methods using such compositions are disclosed. The composition has less than 0.5% wt/wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound, a strong base, less than 1% wt/wt divalent metal gluconate, a balance of water, and a pH that is 9 or greater. The treatment method includes adding said treatment composition to crude oil or a petroleum distillate to form a mixture having 0.001% to 0.02% wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound/wt oil and 0.001% to 0.03% wt divalent metal gluconate/wt oil and mixing the same together.

This disclosure provides a method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) from a fluid containing H.sub.2S and metal ions by introducing into the fluid at least one metal chelant in an amount effective to chelate metal ions in the fluid to form at least one metal-chelate complex; and removing at least a portion of the H.sub.2S from the fluid with an effective amount of the at least one metal-chelate complex. The method may further comprise the step of introducing at least one enzyme having an ability to scavenge H.sub.2S into the fluid in an amount effective to scavenge H.sub.2S from the fluid, where the amount of the at least one metal-chelate complex is effective to influence the ability of the at least one enzyme to scavenge H.sub.2S.

This disclosure provides a method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) from a fluid containing H.sub.2S and metal ions by introducing into the fluid at least one metal chelant in an amount effective to chelate metal ions in the fluid to form at least one metal-chelate complex; and removing at least a portion of the H.sub.2S from the fluid with an effective amount of the at least one metal-chelate complex. The method may further comprise the step of introducing at least one enzyme having an ability to scavenge H.sub.2S into the fluid in an amount effective to scavenge H.sub.2S from the fluid, where the amount of the at least one metal-chelate complex is effective to influence the ability of the at least one enzyme to scavenge H.sub.2S.

A process for the preparation of a chemical composition comprising an aromatic compound in a concentration B by weight, based on the total weight of the chemical composition, comprising: a. providing the following reaction components: i. a chemical composition comprising the following: a) The aromatic compound in a concentration A by weight based on the total weight of the chemical composition, and b) An olefin in an amount in an amount of about 50 to about 99.99 wt. %, based on the total weight of the chemical composition, and ii. An acid; and b. reacting the components to obtain the chemical composition comprising the aromatic compound in a concentration B by weight based on the total weight of the chemical composition; wherein the concentration B is less than the concentration A.

Aqueous treatment compositions for crude oil and/or petroleum distillates to remove sulfur compounds therefrom and treatment methods using such compositions are disclosed. The composition has less than 0.5% wt/wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound, a strong base, less than 1% wt/wt divalent metal gluconate, a balance of water, and a pH that is 9 or greater. The treatment method includes adding said treatment composition to crude oil or a petroleum distillate to form a mixture having 0.001% to 0.02% wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound/wt oil and 0.001% to 0.03% wt divalent metal gluconate/wt oil and mixing the same together.

Aqueous treatment compositions for crude oil and/or petroleum distillates to remove sulfur compounds therefrom and treatment methods using such compositions are disclosed. The composition has less than 0.5% wt/wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound, a strong base, less than 1% wt/wt divalent metal gluconate, a balance of water, and a pH that is 9 or greater. The treatment method includes adding said treatment composition to crude oil or a petroleum distillate to form a mixture having 0.001% to 0.02% wt di- or tri-benzohydroxy compound/wt oil and 0.001% to 0.03% wt divalent metal gluconate/wt oil and mixing the same together.

A process to remove H.sub.2S from a stream comprising the steps of adding Melamine cyanurate, optionally a silica nanoparticle composition, and optionally a triazine. The stream is selected from the group consisting of Oil streams, Gas streams, CO.sub.2 point source purification streams and Geothermal Energy System streams.