The systems and methods reduce the total acid number (TAN) in crude oil. The crude oil, that includes naphthenic acid, is mixed with at least a caustic solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to produce a mixture. After mixing, the mixture is pumped to an atomizing tank. The mixture is spray-atomized in the mixing tank to produce a condensed liquid state of the crude oil that settles at the bottom of the atomizer tank and to produce minute droplets (e.g. mist, fog or the like) of the caustic. The minute droplets interact with and neutralize the naphthenic acid in the condensed liquid state of the crude oil for a predefined period of time. As a result, the resulting crude oil in the bottom of the atomizer tank has a reduced TAN and includes salt water. Additionally, the resulting crude oil has a water concentration that does not exceed 0.5%.

The present invention relates to amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive compositions comprising A) an additive 1 comprising at least one compound selected from the group comprising copper compound, copper soap, and copper salts of organic acid; and B) at least one activator capable of enhancing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging efficiency of the additive 1, wherein the activator comprises aliphatic tertiary amine, or oxyalkylated derivate of aliphatic amine, or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons by employing the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention. The present invention also relates to a method of using the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive compositions comprising A) an additive 1 comprising at least one compound selected from the group comprising copper compound, copper soap, and copper salts of organic acid; and B) at least one activator capable of enhancing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging efficiency of the additive 1, wherein the activator comprises aliphatic tertiary amine, or oxyalkylated derivate of aliphatic amine, or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons by employing the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention. The present invention also relates to a method of using the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons.

This invention provides a process for removing mercury, from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with a metal perhalide having the following formula: [M].sup.+[X].sup. wherein: [M].sup.+ represents one or more metal cations wherein the metal has an atomic number greater than 36; an atomic radius of at least 50 pm and a 1st ionization energy of less than 750 kJmol.sup.1; [X].sup. represents one or more perhalide anions; and (ii) obtaining a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed.

This invention provides a process for removing mercury, from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed comprising the steps of: (i) contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with a metal perhalide having the following formula: [M].sup.+[X].sup. wherein: [M].sup.+ represents one or more metal cations wherein the metal has an atomic number greater than 36; an atomic radius of at least 50 pm and a 1st ionization energy of less than 750 kJmol.sup.1; [X].sup. represents one or more perhalide anions; and (ii) obtaining a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed.

A method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide by introducing to a hydrogen sulfide contaminated fluid an additive comprising a zinc carboxylate complex and a viscosity improver selected from the group consisting of glycol ethers having from about 4 to about 10 carbons, alkyl alcohols having from about 1 to about 10 carbons, and combinations thereof.

A method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide by introducing to a hydrogen sulfide contaminated fluid an additive comprising a zinc carboxylate complex and a viscosity improver selected from the group consisting of glycol ethers having from about 4 to about 10 carbons, alkyl alcohols having from about 1 to about 10 carbons, and combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive compositions comprising A) an additive 1 comprising at least one compound selected from the group comprising copper compound, copper soap, and copper salts of organic acid; and B) at least one activator capable of enhancing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging efficiency of the additive 1, wherein the activator comprises aliphatic tertiary amine, or oxyalkylated derivate of aliphatic amine, or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons by employing the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention. The present invention also relates to a method of using the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive compositions comprising A) an additive 1 comprising at least one compound selected from the group comprising copper compound, copper soap, and copper salts of organic acid; and B) at least one activator capable of enhancing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging efficiency of the additive 1, wherein the activator comprises aliphatic tertiary amine, or oxyalkylated derivate of aliphatic amine, or a mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons by employing the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention. The present invention also relates to a method of using the amine based hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) scavenging additive composition of the present invention for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons.

The present technology provides a process that includes heating a first mixture of elemental sulfur and particles comprising an alkali metal sulfide in a liquid hydrocarbon to a temperature of at least 150 C., to provide a sulfur-treated mixture comprising agglomerated particles; and separating the agglomerated particles from the sulfur-treated mixture to provide a desulfurized liquid hydrocarbon and separated solids. This process may be used as part of a suite of processes for desulfurizing liquid hydrocarbons contaminated with organosulfur compounds and other heteroatom-based contaminants. The present technology further provides processes for converting carbon-rich solids (e.g., petroleum coke) into fuels.