A process for reducing the benzene content of gasoline stream, such as a reformate or light naphtha, comprises alkylating the gasoline stream in a reaction zone with an olefin alkylating agent. A paraffinic stream comprising C5 to ClO paraffins is fed to the inlet of the alkylation reaction zone.

Methods and compositions for flocculating solids are provided. The solids may be suspended in an organic liquid medium and a water in oil emulsion may be added to the liquid medium. The water in oil emulsion includes an emulsion polymer capable of flocculating the solids suspended in the organic liquid medium. The emulsion polymer may be added to the organic liquid medium in an inactive form and the polymer may subsequently become activated upon contacting the organic liquid medium. Once activated, the polymer may flocculate the suspended solids.

Methods and compositions for flocculating solids are provided. The solids may be suspended in an organic liquid medium and a water in oil emulsion may be added to the liquid medium. The water in oil emulsion includes an emulsion polymer capable of flocculating the solids suspended in the organic liquid medium. The emulsion polymer may be added to the organic liquid medium in an inactive form and the polymer may subsequently become activated upon contacting the organic liquid medium. Once activated, the polymer may flocculate the suspended solids.

A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for scavenging hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans from fluids. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of compositions comprising a surfactant and the reaction product between a polyamine and a formaldehyde as a hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan scavenger for hydrocarbon-containing fluids, particularly for natural gas, crude oil, field oil, fuel oil, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, slurry oil, gas oil, resid, refinery gas, coal gas, tar, asphalt, coke gas, ammonia synthesis gas, gas from an industrial gas stream, or a sulfurization plant.

A composition for scavenging hydrogen sulphide and/or mercaptans in hydrocarbon streams includes a H2S scavenger selected from oxazolidine compounds, triazine and metal-based carboxylate compounds, and a synergistic additive allowing boosting the effect of the H2S scavenger compound.

Improved alkylation catalysts, alkylation methods, and methods of making alkylation catalysts are described. The alkylation method comprises reaction over a solid acid, zeolite-based catalyst and can be conducted for relatively long periods at steady state conditions. The alkylation catalyst comprises a crystalline zeolite structure, a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less, less than 0.5 weight percent alkali metals, and further having a characteristic catalyst life property. Some catalysts may contain rare earth elements in the range of 10 to 35 wt %. One method of making a catalyst includes a calcination step following exchange of the rare earth element(s) conducted at a temperature of at least 575° C. to stabilize the resulting structure followed by an deammoniation treatment. An improved method of deammoniation uses low temperature oxidation.

A method of reducing hydrogen sulfide emissions from an asphalt or bitumen composition comprises releasing a solid hydrogen sulfide scavenger from an additive package, which comprises the solid hydrogen sulfide scavenger disposed in a sealed pouch; and contacting the asphalt or bitumen composition with the released solid hydrogen sulfide scavenger. The sealed pouch is formed from a pouch material, which includes an polyethylene, a polypropylene, an ethylene propylene copolymer, a polystyrene, a polylactic acid, a polyamide, a polyester, a polystyrene, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, an ethylene vinylpyrrolidone copolymer, a vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyvinyl acetate, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyethylene oxide, a polyethylene glycol, polyvinylidene chloride, a polysaccharide or its derivative, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

This invention relates to an alkylating process for alkyl benzenes, including the steps of: a) an alkyl benzene and a first stream of alkylating agent being fed into a first reaction zone, contacting with a catalyst A, to produce a process stream I; b) the process stream I and a second stream of alkylating agent being fed into at least one second reaction zone, contacting with a catalyst B, to produce a process stream II; and c) the process stream II being fed into at least one third reaction zone, contacting with a catalyst C, to produce a process stream III containing an alkylate. The present alkylating process can improve the utilization efficiency of the alkylating agent.