A method for reducing emissions from an engine includes generating a light hydrocarbon fuel fraction and combusting the light hydrocarbon fuel fraction in place of the fuel. The light hydrocarbon fuel fraction is generated by heating the fuel and flowing the fuel through a plurality of hollow fiber superhydrophobic membranes in a membrane module. Each hollow superhydrophobic membrane comprises a porous support and a superhydrophobic layer free of pores that extend from one side of the superhydrophobic layer to the other. Vapor from the fuel permeates the superhydrophobic membranes and enters a distillate collection chamber, producing a distilled fuel in the distillate collection chamber and a residual fuel within the hollow fiber superhydrophobic membranes. The residual fuel is removed from the membrane module and cooled to produce a cooled residual fuel. The cooled residual fuel flows through a plurality of hollow tubes in the membrane module and the distilled fuel is removed from the distillate collection chamber to produce the light hydrocarbon fuel fraction.

A method for reducing emissions from an engine includes generating a light hydrocarbon fuel fraction and combusting the light hydrocarbon fuel fraction in place of the fuel. The light hydrocarbon fuel fraction is generated by heating the fuel and flowing the fuel through a plurality of hollow fiber superhydrophobic membranes in a membrane module. Each hollow superhydrophobic membrane comprises a porous support and a superhydrophobic layer free of pores that extend from one side of the superhydrophobic layer to the other. Vapor from the fuel permeates the superhydrophobic membranes and enters a distillate collection chamber, producing a distilled fuel in the distillate collection chamber and a residual fuel within the hollow fiber superhydrophobic membranes. The residual fuel is removed from the membrane module and cooled to produce a cooled residual fuel. The cooled residual fuel flows through a plurality of hollow tubes in the membrane module and the distilled fuel is removed from the distillate collection chamber to produce the light hydrocarbon fuel fraction.

The technology relates to the use of a high salinity produced water stream from a gas oil separation plant (GOSP), as a wash water stream for the desalter unit in a GOSP. The produced water stream is pretreated by a sequence of steps and subsequently desalinated by a ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis (UHP-RO) membrane. The UHP-RO produces a permeate stream and a reject stream. A portion of the permeate stream is reused as a wash water stream in the desalter unit of the GOSP.

The technology relates to the use of a high salinity produced water stream from a gas oil separation plant (GOSP), as a wash water stream for the desalter unit in a GOSP. The produced water stream is pretreated by a sequence of steps and subsequently desalinated by a ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis (UHP-RO) membrane. The UHP-RO produces a permeate stream and a reject stream. A portion of the permeate stream is reused as a wash water stream in the desalter unit of the GOSP.

A process including converting, in one or more cross-flow filtration separation units, a slurry catalyst containing solid particles and a petroleum-based oil liquid carrier to a slurry catalyst comprising solid particles and a renewable-based liquid carrier. The slurry catalyst containing solid particles and the renewable-based liquid carrier includes less than about 5 wt. % of the petroleum-based oil liquid carrier.

In an embodiment is provided a process to re-refine used oil that includes introducing a used oil and a solvent to a separation unit under separation conditions selected to produce a purified oil product, the separation unit comprising a porous membrane, a semiporous membrane, or both; and separating the used oil to obtain an effluent comprising a purified oil product. In another embodiment is provided an apparatus for re-refining used oil that includes a separation unit comprising a porous or semiporous membrane; a used oil feed coupled to an inlet of the separation unit; and an inlet of a diffusate collection unit coupled to an outlet of the separation unit. In another embodiment is provided a composition generated from a membrane separation process that includes a base oil, the composition having a soot content of about 0.05% or less.