A process and a system for reforming and upgrading a heavy naphtha feedstock may include dehydrogenating naphthenes in the heavy naphtha feedstock to form a first effluent stream comprising aromatics and then separating the aromatics via extraction from the produced first effluent stream to produce a second effluent stream containing raffinate paraffins. The process may then include subjecting the second effluent stream to cyclization reactions to produce a third effluent stream comprising aromatics and then combining the first effluent stream and the third effluent stream prior to extraction

The invention relates to a method for investigating process streams comprising five or more different hydrocarbon-containing components. In the method at least one process flow line (35) is in operative connection with an online IR spectrometer (2) and an online gas chromatograph (1). The process stream passed through the process stream conduit (35) is subjected to an online characterization which comprises measurements both with the online IR spectrometer and with an online gas chromatograph. The spectral data and the chromatography data are mathematically related to one another by suitable statistical models, thus allowing training of a model used for evaluating the analytical data and for characterizing the process streams. The method according to the invention is characterized by short measurement times in the range of seconds and milliseconds and a high accuracy. The method according to the invention for investigating process streams preferably relates to investigation of process streams deriving from processes proceeding in parallel, the process streams preferably deriving from reaction spaces arranged in parallel.

Methods of transforming a hydrocarbon feedstream into an aromatization product in a multi-stage reverse flow reactor (RFR) apparatus are disclosed. The methods include at least two reaction stages in series, at least one being a pyrolysis stage and at least another being a catalytic aromatization stage. Using a highly saturated hydrocarbon feedstream the pyrolysis stage focuses on desaturation, while the catalytic aromatization stage focuses on aromatization. The catalytic aromatization stage contains a aromatization catalyst that can include substantially no magnesium, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, gallium, indium, tin, lanthanides, or actinides, or, in some cases, substantially no added active metals at all. The aromatization product can contain at least 35 mol % aromatic hydrocarbons, based on a total amount of hydrogen and hydrocarbons in the aromatized hydrocarbon product.

Methods of transforming a hydrocarbon feedstream into an aromatization product in a multi-stage reverse flow reactor (RFR) apparatus are disclosed. The methods include at least two reaction stages in series, at least one being a pyrolysis stage and at least another being a catalytic aromatization stage. Using a highly saturated hydrocarbon feedstream the pyrolysis stage focuses on desaturation, while the catalytic aromatization stage focuses on aromatization. The catalytic aromatization stage contains a aromatization catalyst that can include substantially no magnesium, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, gallium, indium, tin, lanthanides, or actinides, or, in some cases, substantially no added active metals at all. The aromatization product can contain at least 35 mol % aromatic hydrocarbons, based on a total amount of hydrogen and hydrocarbons in the aromatized hydrocarbon product.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring health of a catalyst in a plant by retrieving plant data, comparing the plant data to equilibrium conditions, and sending a notification comprising an indication of the health of the catalyst. A plant may be configured to produce a product using a catalyst. A plant monitoring computing platform may be configured to receive, from sensors and/or computing devices of the plant, plant data and/or lab data corresponding to the catalyst. The plant monitoring computing platform may determine equilibrium conditions corresponding to the plant. Based on a comparison of the plant data, the equilibrium conditions, and/or target equilibrium conditions, the plant monitoring computing platform may send a notification. The notification may comprise an indication of the performance of the catalyst.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for monitoring health of a catalyst in a plant by retrieving plant data, comparing the plant data to equilibrium conditions, and sending a notification comprising an indication of the health of the catalyst. A plant may be configured to produce a product using a catalyst. A plant monitoring computing platform may be configured to receive, from sensors and/or computing devices of the plant, plant data and/or lab data corresponding to the catalyst. The plant monitoring computing platform may determine equilibrium conditions corresponding to the plant. Based on a comparison of the plant data, the equilibrium conditions, and/or target equilibrium conditions, the plant monitoring computing platform may send a notification. The notification may comprise an indication of the performance of the catalyst.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.

A method for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment, comprising removing at least a portion of the coke deposit from the internal surface using a flexible pig comprising a plurality of bristles, without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface of the process equipment. A flexible pig for cleaning a coke deposit from an internal surface of a process equipment without damaging a metal protective layer of the internal surface, comprising a flexible body formed of a polymeric material, and a plurality of bristles partially encapsulated by the polymeric material of the flexible body.