A system for processing a stream including fuel oil includes an atmospheric flash column for receiving the stream as feedstock and separate the stream into an atmospheric flash distillate stream and an atmospheric flash residue stream. The system includes a vacuum flash column for receiving the atmospheric flash residue stream and separating the atmospheric flash residue stream into a vacuum flash distillate stream, a vacuum flash residue stream, and a vacuum gas oil stream. The system includes a first hydrocracking unit for receiving and processing at least a portion of the vacuum flash residue stream to produce an intermediate stream and a slurry. The system includes a second hydrocracking unit for receiving and processing the vacuum gas oil stream and the intermediate stream to produce a naphtha product and a light ends product. The system includes a pelletization unit for receiving and processing the slurry to produce a pelletized product.

A process and apparatus is disclosed for recovering hydrotreating effluent from a hydrotreating unit utilizing a hot stripper and a cold stripper. Only the hot hydrotreating effluent is heated in a fired heater prior to product fractionation, resulting in substantial operating and capital savings. The cold stripped stream from the cold stripper bottoms line may be passed directly to a diesel pool when VGO is hydrotreated in the hydrotreating reactor bypassing the product fractionation column.

A process and apparatus is disclosed for recovering hydrotreating effluent from a hydrotreating unit utilizing a hot stripper and a cold stripper. Only the hot hydrotreating effluent is heated in a fired heater prior to product fractionation, resulting in substantial operating and capital savings. The cold stripped stream from the cold stripper bottoms line may be passed directly to a diesel pool when VGO is hydrotreated in the hydrotreating reactor bypassing the product fractionation column.

Methods for production of multiple biofuels through thermal fractionation of biomass feedstocks are described. The products of said methods are also described.

Methods and systems for reducing sulfur content in crude oil are provided. The methods and systems apply a first alkaline aqueous solution to crude oil to produce alkaline-treated crude oil, apply an acid aqueous solution to the alkaline-treated crude oil to produce acid-treated crude oil, apply a second alkaline aqueous solution to the acid-treated crude oil to produce neutralized crude oil; and separate residual water that contains sulfur from the neutralized crude oil to produce treated crude oil that has less sulfur content than the crude oil before the treatment.

Methods and systems for reducing sulfur content in crude oil are provided. The methods and systems apply a first alkaline aqueous solution to crude oil to produce alkaline-treated crude oil, apply an acid aqueous solution to the alkaline-treated crude oil to produce acid-treated crude oil, apply a second alkaline aqueous solution to the acid-treated crude oil to produce neutralized crude oil; and separate residual water that contains sulfur from the neutralized crude oil to produce treated crude oil that has less sulfur content than the crude oil before the treatment.

A process for the treatment of a gasoline containing sulphur-containing compounds, olefins and diolefins, comprising the following steps: a) fractionating the gasoline in a manner such as to recover at least one intermediate gasoline cut, MCN, comprising hydrocarbons and wherein the temperature difference (ΔT) between the 5% and 95% by weight distillation points is less than 60° C.; b) desulphurizing the intermediate gasoline cut MCN alone and in the presence of a hydrodesulphurization catalyst and hydrogen in a manner such as to produce a partially desulphurized intermediate gasoline cut MCN; and c) fractionating, in a splitter, the at least partially desulphurized intermediate gasoline cut MCN which has not undergone catalytic treatment subsequent to step b), in a manner such as to recover an intermediate gasoline with low sulphur and mercaptans contents from the column head and a cut of hydrocarbons containing sulphur-containing compounds including mercaptans from the column bottom.

A method is disclosed of purifying a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material includes more than 1 ppm silicon as silicon compounds and/or more than 10 ppm phosphorous as phosphorous compounds. The method can include providing a feed of the lipid material; heat treating the organic material in presence of an adsorbent and the filtering organic material and hydrotreating the lipid material in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst to obtain purified hydrotreated organic material having less than 20% organic material and/or less than 30% of the original phosphorous content of the organic material.

A method of producing aromatic hydrocarbons including: supplying a raw material stream to a C6 separation column, supplying an upper discharge stream from the C6 separation column to a first gasoline hydrogenation unit, and supplying a lower discharge stream from the C6 separation column to a C7 separation column; supplying an upper discharge stream from the C7 separation column to the first gasoline hydrogenation unit and supplying a lower discharge stream from the C7 separation column to a C8 separation column; separating benzene and toluene from a discharge stream from the first gasoline hydrogenation unit; removing a lower discharge stream from the C8 separation column and supplying an upper discharge stream from the C8 separation column to a second extractive distillation column; and separating styrene from a lower discharge stream from the second extractive distillation column and separating xylene from an upper discharge stream from the second extractive distillation column.

A process and apparatus is for recycling LCO and/or HCO to an FCC unit to recover additional distillate. Spent catalyst recycle in the FCC unit may be used to improve distillate yield. A hydroprocessing zone may saturate cycle oil aromatics for cracking in an FCC unit. The recycle cracked stream may be recycled to a downstream hydroprocessing zone to avoid a first hydroprocessing zone for hydrotreating feed to the FCC unit. Additional recovery of cycle oil for recycle is obtained by heating slurry oil prior to vacuum separation.