A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; passing the hydrogenated stream through a distillation unit producing a first stream and a second stream; producing an isobutylene stream by passing the first stream through a molecular sieve unit; passing the isobutylene stream to a hydration unit as a feedstock for the fuel additive; and forming the fuel additive in the hydration unit.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective hydrogenation unit producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through an isomerization unit producing a third process stream; and passing the third process stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a recycle stream.

The invention provides a process for preparing a fluid having a boiling point in the range of from 150 to 260° C. and comprising more than 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 50 ppm of aromatics, comprising the step of catalytically hydrogenating a feed comprising more than 85% by weight of oligomerized olefins, at a temperature from 115 to 195° C. and at a pressure from 30 to 70 bars. The invention also provides the fluid obtainable by the process of the invention and the use of said fluid.

The invention provides a process for preparing a fluid having a boiling point in the range of from 150 to 260° C. and comprising more than 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 50 ppm of aromatics, comprising the step of catalytically hydrogenating a feed comprising more than 85% by weight of oligomerized olefins, at a temperature from 115 to 195° C. and at a pressure from 30 to 70 bars. The invention also provides the fluid obtainable by the process of the invention and the use of said fluid.

Processes and systems for pyrolysing a hydrocarbon feed for a predetermined period of time, e.g., by steam cracking. The process can include determining a first amount of silicon material present in the hydrocarbon feed that is to be steam cracked to produce a steam cracker effluent. The process can also include determining a second amount of silicon material that will be present in a steam cracker naphtha that is to be separated from the steam cracker effluent.

A method for producing green olefins and green gasoline from renewable sources, the method including: providing CO.sub.2 and hydrogen as feed to produce methanol in a methanol reactor, to produce an MTO reaction effluent, reacting the MTO reaction effluent in a plurality of separation columns to separate hydrocarbons, wherein the plurality of separation columns includes a Deethanizer column, a Depropanizer column, and a Debutanizer column, hydrogenating a fraction of separated hydrocarbons in the Debutanizer column with the hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor, wherein the fraction of separated hydrocarbons from the Debutanizer column includes C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons; producing the green gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) by stabilizing the hydrogenated hydrocarbons in a gasoline stabilizer column; and producing the olefins by separating ethylene from C.sub.2 hydrocarbons using a C.sub.2 splitter column and by separating propylene from C.sub.3 hydrocarbons using a C.sub.3 splitter column.

A method for producing green olefins and green gasoline from renewable sources, the method including: providing CO.sub.2 and hydrogen as feed to produce methanol in a methanol reactor, to produce an MTO reaction effluent, reacting the MTO reaction effluent in a plurality of separation columns to separate hydrocarbons, wherein the plurality of separation columns includes a Deethanizer column, a Depropanizer column, and a Debutanizer column, hydrogenating a fraction of separated hydrocarbons in the Debutanizer column with the hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor, wherein the fraction of separated hydrocarbons from the Debutanizer column includes C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons; producing the green gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) by stabilizing the hydrogenated hydrocarbons in a gasoline stabilizer column; and producing the olefins by separating ethylene from C.sub.2 hydrocarbons using a C.sub.2 splitter column and by separating propylene from C.sub.3 hydrocarbons using a C.sub.3 splitter column.

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of pyrolysis tar with pre-pyrolysis flash bottoms. In some aspects, the co-processing can correspond to solvent-assisted hydroprocessing. By combining pyrolysis tar and flash bottoms with a solvent, various difficulties associated with hydroprocessing of the fractions can be reduced or minimized, such as difficulties associated with hydroprocessing of high viscosity feeds and/or high sulfur feeds. Optionally, separate solvents and/or fluxes can be used for the pyrolysis tar and the flash bottoms. The resulting upgraded products can be suitable, for example, for inclusion in low sulfur fuel oils (LSFO).

A method of generating a reaction product from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor, the centrifuge reactor including: a central rotational axis X, and a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber with the centrifuge assembly configured to rotate about the central rotational axis X. The method further includes rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from a first reaction chamber end to a second reaction chamber end and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber.

A method of generating a reaction product from a feedstock via a centrifuge reactor that includes introducing a flow of feedstock to a centrifuge reactor, the centrifuge reactor including: a central rotational axis X, and a centrifuge assembly having a reaction chamber with the centrifuge assembly configured to rotate about the central rotational axis X. The method further includes rotating the centrifuge assembly about the central rotational axis X at a tip speed to generate an acceleration gradient from the central rotational axis X and from a first reaction chamber end to a second reaction chamber end and generating reaction conditions in the reaction chamber, the reaction conditions and acceleration gradient causing a separation of products from a reaction of the feedstock within the reaction chamber.