The invention provides a process for producing hydrogen for a hydrogen consuming process comprising obtaining a net gas stream containing hydrogen, compressing the gas stream to a pressure of 20.7 to 68.9 bar (300 to 1000 psig) to produce a compressed gas stream; sending the compressed gas stream to a pressure swing adsorption unit to be separated into a hydrogen stream and a fuel gas stream; purging the pressure swing adsorption unit with an external purge gas stream from a hydroprocessing unit off gas; treating the off gas with a thermal swing adsorption unit to remove water and other impurities prior to purging the pressure swing adsorption unit, and using a protective adsorbent layer in the pressure swing adsorption unit to adsorb impurities from the external purge gas.

The invention provides a process for producing hydrogen for a hydrogen consuming process comprising obtaining a net gas stream containing hydrogen, compressing the gas stream to a pressure of 20.7 to 68.9 bar (300 to 1000 psig) to produce a compressed gas stream; sending the compressed gas stream to a pressure swing adsorption unit to be separated into a hydrogen stream and a fuel gas stream; purging the pressure swing adsorption unit with an external purge gas stream from a hydroprocessing unit off gas; treating the off gas with a thermal swing adsorption unit to remove water and other impurities prior to purging the pressure swing adsorption unit, and using a protective adsorbent layer in the pressure swing adsorption unit to adsorb impurities from the external purge gas.

Processes for increasing an octane value of a gasoline component by dehydrogenating a stream comprising C.sub.7 hydrocarbons and methylcyclohexane in a first dehydrogenation zone to form an intermediate dehydrogenation effluent, and then dehydrogenating the intermediate dehydrogenation effluent in a second dehydrogenation zone to form a C.sub.7 dehydrogenation effluent. The C.sub.7 dehydrogenation effluent has an increased olefins content compared to an olefins content of the intermediate dehydrogenation effluent. The first dehydrogenation zone is operated under conditions to convert methylcyclohexane to toluene and minimize cracking reactions. The intermediate dehydrogenation effluent may be heated before being passed to the second dehydrogenation zone.

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

Processes for catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock may include contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with catalyst in a first reforming unit to produce a first effluent and used catalyst. The method may further include passing a portion of the first effluent directly to a second reforming unit and contacting the first effluent with catalyst to produce a second effluent and used catalyst. The method may also include passing a portion of the second effluent directly to a third reforming unit and contacting the second effluent with catalyst to produce a reformate effluent and used catalyst. Additionally, the method may include regenerating at least a portion of the used catalyst to produce regenerated catalyst. The catalysts may each include regenerated catalyst.

Processes for catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock may include contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with catalyst in a first reforming unit to produce a first effluent and used catalyst. The method may further include passing a portion of the first effluent directly to a second reforming unit and contacting the first effluent with catalyst to produce a second effluent and used catalyst. The method may also include passing a portion of the second effluent directly to a third reforming unit and contacting the second effluent with catalyst to produce a reformate effluent and used catalyst. Additionally, the method may include regenerating at least a portion of the used catalyst to produce regenerated catalyst. The catalysts may each include regenerated catalyst.

Processes for catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock may include contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with catalyst in a first reforming unit to produce a first effluent and used catalyst. The method may further include passing a portion of the first effluent directly to a second reforming unit and contacting the first effluent with catalyst to produce a second effluent and used catalyst. The method may also include passing a portion of the second effluent directly to a third reforming unit and contacting the second effluent with catalyst to produce a reformate effluent and used catalyst. Additionally, the method may include regenerating at least a portion of the used catalyst to produce regenerated catalyst. The catalysts may each include regenerated catalyst.

Processes for catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock may include contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with catalyst in a first reforming unit to produce a first effluent and used catalyst. The method may further include passing a portion of the first effluent directly to a second reforming unit and contacting the first effluent with catalyst to produce a second effluent and used catalyst. The method may also include passing a portion of the second effluent directly to a third reforming unit and contacting the second effluent with catalyst to produce a reformate effluent and used catalyst. Additionally, the method may include regenerating at least a portion of the used catalyst to produce regenerated catalyst. The catalysts may each include regenerated catalyst.

A process to catalytically transform natural gas liquid (NGL) into higher molecular weight hydrocarbons includes providing an NGL stream, catalytically dehydrogenating at least a portion of the NGL stream components to their corresponding alkene derivatives, catalytically oligomerizing at least a portion of the alkenes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and recovering the higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. The NGL stream can be extracted from a gas stream such as a gas stream coming from shale formations. The higher molecular weight hydrocarbons can be hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient temperature and ambient pressure.