A desulfurization catalyst includes at least: 1) a sulfur-storing metal oxide, 2) an inorganic binder, 3) a wear-resistant component, and 4) an active metal component. The sulfur-storing metal is one or more of a metal of Group IIB of the periodic table, a metal of Group VB of the periodic table, and a metal of Group VIB of the periodic table, e.g., zinc. The desulfurization catalyst has a good stability and a high desulfurization activity.

Hydrocarbon composition plays vital role in fuel quality. For gasoline/motor spirit applications the hydrocarbon should have more octane-possessing molecules from the groups of aromatics, naphthenics and isoparaffins, while n-paraffins are not preferred due to their poor octane. Among the high-octane groups, again aromatics occupy the top but not more than 35 vol % aromatics can be mixed in gasoline for engine applications to avoid harmful emission, But there is no single process that addresses so far the issue of co-producing all the desired hydrocarbon components in a single process. Thus, it is interesting to have a single once-through process working on single catalyst system to produce mixture of all three high-octane molecules namely, aromatics, naphthenics and isoparaffins directly from low-value, low-octane n-paraffin feed. Herein, we report a novel single-step catalytic process for the simultaneous production of aromatics, naphthenics and isoparaffins for gasoline and petrochemical applications.

A method and system for renewing spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalysts are disclosed which comprises: treating SFCC catalysts using a static reactor designed to uniformly distribute with an oxalic acid solution and its reflux to obtain leached SFCC catalysts; washing with aqueous solution and filtering to collect cleaned and treated SFCC catalyst; and c) executing the cleaned and treated SFCC catalyst with thermal treatment to obtain renewed FCC catalysts.

The invention relates to a catalytic process for upgrading a renewable crude oil produced from biomass and/or waste comprising providing a renewable crude oil and pressurizing it to a pressure in the range in the range 60 to 150 bar, contacting the pressurized renewable crude oil with hydrogen and at least one heterogeneous catalyst contained in a first reaction zone at a weight based hourly space velocity (WHSV) in the range 0.1 to 2.0 h.sub.−1 and at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 360° C., hereby providing a partially upgraded renewable crude oil, separating the partially upgraded renewable crude oil from the first reaction zone to a partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction, a partially upgraded light renewable oil fraction, a water stream and a process gas stream, introducing the separated and partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction and separated process gas to a second reaction zone comprising at least two reactors arranged in parallel and being adapted to operate in a first and a second mode of operation, the reactors comprising dual functioning heterogeneous catalyst(-s) capable of performing a catalytic steam cracking reaction in a first mode of operation or a steam reforming reaction in a second mode of operation, where the partially upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction from the first reaction zone is contacted with the dual functioning heterogeneous catalyst and steam at a pressure of 10 to 150 bar and a temperature of 350° C. to 430° C. whereby a catalytic steam cracking of the partially upgraded heavy renewable oil is performed in the reactors in the first mode of operation, hereby providing a further upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction, while separated process gas from the first and/or second reaction zone is contacted with the dual functioning catalyst and steam at a pressure of 0.1 to 10 bar and a temperature of 350 to 600° C. in the reactors in the second mode of operation and contacted with the dual functioning catalyst, thereby producing a hydrogen enriched gas, separating the further upgraded heavy renewable oil fraction from the catalytically steam cracking reactor to at least one light renewable oil fraction, a heavy renewable oil fraction, a hydrogen rich process gas and a water phase, separating hydrogen from the hydrogen enriched gas from the catalytic steam cracking zone and/or from the catalytic steam reforming and recycling it to the first reaction zone, alternating the reactors between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation at predetermined time intervals thereby allowing for regeneration of the heterogeneous catalyst for the catalytic steam cracking in the first mode of op

A process of reforming a diesel feedstock to convert diesel to a gasoline blending component may include desulfurizing and denitrogenizing the diesel feedstock to reduce the sulfur and nitrogen content; and then hydrocracking the diesel feedstock over a metal containing zeolitic catalyst to produce an isomerate fraction. The diesel feedstock may have boiling points ranging from 200 to 360° C.

An integrated hydrotreating and hydrocracking process includes contacting a hydrocarbon oil stream with a hydrogen stream and a hydrotreating catalyst in a moving-bed hydrotreating reactor, thereby producing a hydrocarbon product stream and a spent hydrotreating catalyst; contacting the hydrocarbon product stream with a second hydrogen stream and a hydrocracking catalyst in a hydrocracking reactor, thereby producing a hydrocracked hydrocarbon product stream; processing the spent hydrotreating catalyst to produce regenerated hydrotreating catalyst; and recycling the regenerated hydrotreating catalyst to the moving-bed hydrotreating reactor.

The invention is a process for producing a white oil having an initial boiling point of at least 250° C., the process comprising a step of catalytically hydrogenating a base oil feedstock at a temperature of from 120 to 210° C., at a pressure of from 30 to 160 bars and a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.2 to 5 hr.sup.−1, the base oil feedstock comprising less than 5 ppm by weight of sulphur.

Systems and processes are disclosed for producing petrochemical products, such as ethylene, propene and other olefins from crude oil in high severity fluid catalytic cracking (HSFCC) units. Processes include separating a crude oil into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, cracking the light fraction and heavy fraction in separation separate cracking reaction zones, and regenerating the cracking catalysts in a two-zone having a first regeneration zone for the first catalyst (heavy fraction) and a second regeneration zone for the second catalyst (light fraction) separate from the first regeneration zone. Flue gas from the first catalyst regeneration zone is passed to the second regeneration zone to provide additional heat to raise the temperature of the second catalyst of the light fraction side. The disclosed systems and processes enable different catalysts and operating conditions to be utilized for the light fraction and the heavy fraction of a crude oil feed.

A process for producing a base oil composition from a deasphalted oil (DAO) feed, where the DAO feed undergoes hydrotreating, hydrocracking, catalytically dewaxing, hydrofinishing, and fractionating to generate the base oil composition. The base oil composition includes a hazy-free at 0° C. heavy base oil comprising (a) a kinetic viscosity ranging from 15 to 21 cSt at 100° C., (b) a 5 viscosity index of at least 95, (c) a pour point of less than −12° C., (d) a cloud point of less than −18° C., and (e) a total aromatics content of 2 wt % or less, where the hazy-free at 0° C. heavy base oil maintains a hazy-free appearance when stored undisturbed at 0° C. during a test period.

A catalyst structure that allows prevention of aggregation of fine particles of a functional material, suppresses decrease of catalyst activity, and thus enables the extension of the lifetime of the catalyst structure. A catalyst structure is provided with: a support that is formed from a zeolite-type compound and has a porous structure; and at least one functional material present in the support. The functional material includes a first element that is at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, nickel, and iron. The support has paths connected to each other. The functional material including the first element is present in at least the paths of the support.