Bulk catalysts comprised of nickel, molybdenum, tungsten and titanium and methods for synthesizing bulk catalysts are provided. The catalysts are useful for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

The present invention relates to a catalyst containing an active cobalt phase, deposited on a support comprising alumina, silica or silica-alumina, said support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel, said catalyst has been prepared by introducing at least one organic compound of the family of carboxyanhydrides. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof in the field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis processes.

Apparatus and processes herein provide for converting hydrocarbon feeds to light olefins and other hydrocarbons. The processes and apparatus include, in some embodiments, feeding a hydrocarbon, a first catalyst and a second catalyst to a reactor, wherein the first catalyst has a smaller average particle size and is less dense than the second catalyst. A first portion of the second catalyst may be recovered as a bottoms product from the reactor, and a cracked hydrocarbon effluent, a second portion of the second catalyst, and the first catalyst may be recovered as an overhead product from the reactor. The second portion of the second catalyst may be separated from the overhead product, providing a first stream comprising the first catalyst and the hydrocarbon effluent and a second stream comprising the separated second catalyst, allowing return of the separated second catalyst in the second stream to the reactor.

According to embodiments disclosed herein, a method of forming nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particles may include contacting initial nano-sized zeolite particles with a first mixture to form nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particles from the initial nano-sized zeolite particles. The initial nano-sized zeolite particles may have a particle size of less than or equal to 100 nm and may have an average pore size of less than 2 nm. The first mixture may include NaOH; NH.sub.4NO.sub.3, NH.sub.4OH, or both; and a surfactant. The NaOH and the surfactant may interact with the initial nano-sized zeolite particles to remove one or more silica components of the initial nano-sized zeolite particles to form mesopores. The NH.sub.4NO.sub.3, NH.sub.4OH, or both may interact with the initial nano-sized zeolite particles to exchange at least one positively-charged ion from the NH.sub.4NO.sub.3, NH.sub.4OH, or both with at least one positively-charged ion from the initial nano-sized zeolite particles.

A method for making a functional structural body includes a skeletal body of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one type of metallic nanoparticles present in the skeletal body, the skeletal body having channels connecting with each other, the metallic nanoparticles being present at least in the channels of the skeletal body.

The invention relates to a process for the hydrodesulfurization of a sulfur-containing olefinic gasoline cut in which said gasoline cut, hydrogen and a rejuvenated catalyst are brought into contact, said hydrodesulfurization process being carried out at a temperature of between 200° C. and 400° C., a total pressure of between 1 and 3 MPa, an hourly space velocity, defined as being the flow rate by volume of feedstock relative to the volume of catalyst, of between 1 and 10 h.sup.−1 and a hydrogen/gasoline feedstock ratio by volume of between 100 and 1200 Sl/l, said rejuvenated catalyst resulting from a hydrotreating process and comprises at least one metal from group VIII, at least one metal from group VIb, an oxide support and at least one organic compound containing oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or sulfur.

The present invention relates to a process for treating a plastics pyrolysis oil, comprising: a) the selective hydrogenation of said feedstock to obtain a hydrogenated effluent; b) hydrotreatment of said hydrogenated effluent to obtain a hydrotreatment effluent; c) a first step of hydrocracking of said hydrotreated effluent to obtain a first hydrocracked effluent; d) separation of the hydrocracked effluent in the presence of an aqueous stream, to obtain a gaseous effluent, an aqueous liquid effluent and a hydrocarbon-based liquid effluent; e) fractionation of the hydrocarbon-based liquid effluent to obtain at least one gas stream and at least one naphtha cut and a heavier cut; f) a second step of hydrocracking of the heavier cut to obtain a second hydrocracked effluent; g) recycling of at least a portion of said second hydrocracked effluent into the separation step d).

Apparatuses and methods of use are provided for a lobular catalyst for use in processes featuring water at high pressures and high temperatures, including in supercritical or near supercritical water conditions. The lobular catalyst structure features a shaped, plate-like structure extending along the reactor length with a high surface area. The lobular catalyst structure is fixed in place and mounted within a high temperature and high pressure reactor. The catalyst includes a catalytically active component, which can be a transition metal. The catalyst can be used in high pressure and high temperature processes, including in supercritical or near supercritical water processes, to improve heavy oil upgrading and hydrocarbon conversion in chemical processes.

A process for the purification of a hydrocarbon stream including: (a) Providing a hydrocarbon stream having a diene value of at least 1.0 and a bromine number of at least 5 gBr2/100 g and containing pyrolysis plastic oil; (b) Optionally contact the hydrocarbon stream obtained in step (a) with a silica gel, clays, alkaline or alkaline earth metal oxide, iron oxide, ion exchange resins, active carbon, active aluminum oxide, molecular sieves, alkaline oxide and/or porous supports and silica gel, or any mixture thereof; (c) Heating the stream obtained in step a) or b) followed by a mixing of the heated stream with a second diluent heated at a temperature of at least 300° C. preferably at least 330° C.; (d) performing an hydroprocessing step at a temperature of at least 250° C. in the presence of H2; and (e) recovering a purified hydrocarbon stream.

Described herein is a base oil synthesis via ionic catalyst oligomerization further utilizing a hydrophobic process for removing an ionic catalyst from a reaction mixture with a silica gel composition, specifically a reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization reaction to produce PAO utilizing an ionic catalyst wherein the ionic catalyst is removed post reaction.