A bifunctional catalyst for example for conversion of oxygenates, the bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAl.sub.2O.sub.4.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.

A support comprising kaolin clay, wherein the kaolin clay comprises less than or equal to about 0.6% by weight of iron, based on total weight of the support.

A process is disclosed for increasing gasoline and middle distillate selectivity in catalytic cracking. A process can include co-processing at least pyrolysis liquid and a distillation residue from tall oil distillation in a catalytic cracking process in a presence of a solid catalyst to provide a cracking product.

Assemblies and methods to enhance hydrotreating and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes associated with a refining operation, during the processes, may include supplying a hydrocarbon feedstock to a cat feed hydrotreater (CFH) processing unit to produce CFH unit materials. The assemblies and methods also may include conditioning material samples, and analyzing the samples via one or more spectroscopic analyzers. The assemblies and methods further may include prescriptively controlling, via one or more FCC process controllers, based at least in part on the material properties, a FCC processing assembly, so that the prescriptively controlling results in causing the processes to produce CFH materials, intermediate materials, the unit materials, and/or the downstream materials having properties within selected ranges of target properties, thereby to cause the processes to achieve material outputs that more accurately and responsively converge on one or more of the target properties.

This invention relates to an additive capable of increasing the gasoline octane (by 2-3 units) with minimum loss of gasoline. More specifically, the present invention discloses a fluid catalytic cracking additive composition capable of enhancing gasoline octane, said composition comprising 5-50 wt. % zeolite component, 0-15 wt % alumina, 5-20 wt % colloidal silica, 10-60 wt % kaolin clay, 5-15 wt % phosphate, and 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % of bivalent metal selected from Group-IIA or Group-IB, wherein the zeolite component comprises of medium pore pentasil zeolite in an amount of 1 to 50 wt. % and said zeolite consists of one or more MFI topology zeolite having SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mole ratio in the range of 10-280. The present invention also discloses a process for preparation of the additive.

Methanol-to-gasoline conversion may be performed using a heavy gasoline treatment, followed by a separation operation. Methanol may be converted into a first product mixture comprising dimethyl ether (DME) under DME formation conditions. In a methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) reactor, the first product mixture may be converted under MTG conversion conditions to produce a second product mixture comprising light gasoline hydrocarbons and untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be separated from the light gasoline hydrocarbons and transferred to a heavy gasoline treatment (HGT) reactor. The untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons may be catalytically reacted in the HGT reactor to form a third product mixture. A heavy hydrocarbon fraction may be separated from the third product mixture. The heavy hydrocarbon fraction includes heavy gasoline hydrocarbons having a lower boiling endpoint than does the untreated heavy gasoline hydrocarbons.

In an aspect, a method of decontaminating a hydrocarbon fluid comprises applying an ultrasonic wave to the hydrocarbon fluid in a storage tank to maintain or reduce an amount of a microorganism in the storage tank; wherein a source of the ultrasonic wave is located within the storage tank and the storage tank has at least one of an inner volume of greater than or equal to 20 meters cubed and/or that is capable of storing 55 to 160,000 liters of the hydrocarbon fluid. In another aspect, a method of decontaminating a hydrocarbon fluid comprises applying an ultrasonic wave to the hydrocarbon fluid to disrupt a cell membrane of a microorganism to form a disrupted microorganism and to reduce a particle size of the disrupted microorganism to be less than or equal to 1.5 micrometers thereby forming a clean hydrocarbon fluid suitable for injecting through an injection nozzle.

The present invention relates to the extraction of gasoline from a gas G, with (a) a step of extracting gasoline from the gas to be treated comprising methanol GM obtained from step (d), (b) a step of separating said fluid GL1 partially condensed in step (a), producing a first aqueous liquid phase A1, a first liquid phase H1 of hydrocarbon(s) a gaseous phase G1 obtained from the gas G; (c) a step of contacting a portion of the gas G to be treated with said first aqueous liquid phase A1, producing a second aqueous liquid phase A2, a gaseous phase of gas to be treated comprising methanol GM′; (d) a step of mixing said gaseous phase of gas to be treated comprising methanol GM′ with the remainder of the gas G to be treated, producing a gas to be treated comprising methanol GM, (e) a step of stabilizing said first liquid phase H1 of hydrocarbon(s).

Processes and systems for pyrolysing a hydrocarbon feed for a predetermined period of time, e.g., by steam cracking. The process can include determining a first amount of silicon material present in the hydrocarbon feed that is to be steam cracked to produce a steam cracker effluent. The process can also include determining a second amount of silicon material that will be present in a steam cracker naphtha that is to be separated from the steam cracker effluent.