A hydrocarbon cracker stream is combined with recycle content pyrolysis oil to form a combined cracker stream and the combined cracker stream is cracked in a cracker furnace to provide an olefin-containing effluent. The r-pyoil can be fed to the cracker feed. More specifically the-pyoil is present in said feedstock in an amount of not more than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the feedstock.

An improved process and catalyst composition for cracking hydrocarbons in a fluidized cracking process are disclosed. The process employs circulating inventory of a regenerated cracking having a minimal carbon content. The regenerated catalyst comprises a catalyst/additive composition which contains a pentasil zeolite, iron oxide, and a phosphorous compound. In accordance with the present disclosure, the catalyst/additive contains controlled amounts of iron oxide which is maintained in an oxidized state by maintaining low amounts of carbon on the regenerated catalyst inventory. In this manner it was discovered that the catalyst composition greatly enhances the production and selectivity of light hydrocarbons, such as propylene.

Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.

A process for producing light olefins and aromatics, which comprises reacting a feedstock by contacting with a catalytic cracking catalyst in at least two reaction zones, wherein the reaction temperature of at least one reaction zone among the reaction zones downstream of the first reaction zone is higher than that of the first reaction zone and its weight hourly space velocity is lower than that of the first reaction zone, separating the spent catalyst from the reaction product vapor, regenerating the separated spent catalyst and returning the regenerated catalyst to the reactor, and separating the reaction product vapor to obtain the desired products, light olefins and aromatics. This process produces maximum light olefins such as propylene, ethylene, etc from heavy feedstocks, wherein the yield of propylene exceeds 20% by weight, and produces aromatics such as toluene, xylene, etc at the same time.

A process may include contacting an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in an XTO reactor with a catalyst composite under conditions effective to convert the oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to olefin products. The catalyst composite may include at least 10 weight percent of a modified molecular sieve. The modified molecular sieve may include at least 0.05 weight percent of an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth metal based on a weight of the modified molecular sieve. The modified molecular sieve may include at least 0.3 weight percent of P based on the weight of the modified molecular sieve.

This invention provides a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus and process for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock containing higher concentrations of Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR), metal impurities, etc into lighter products by employing two riser reactors in which the feed impurities are removed using an adsorbent in a first riser reactor and cracking a portion of first riser reactor liquid product in a second riser reactor to lighter products using the active catalyst thus eliminating the catalyst deactivation due to metal, impurities and FCC catalyst activity dilution effect to achieve a better conversion and higher catalyst longevity.

An integrated slurry hydroprocessing and steam pyrolosyis process for the production of olefins and aromatic petrochemicals from a crude oil feedstock is provided. Crude oil, a steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction and slurry reside are combined and treated in a hydroprocessing zone in the presence of hydrogen under conditions effective to produce an effluent having an increased hydrogen content. The effluent is thermally cracked with steam under conditions effective to produce a mixed product stream and steam pyrolysis residual liquid fraction. The mixed product stream is separated and olefins and aromatics are recovered and hydrogen is purified and recycled.

The present invention relates to a method for producing the activated catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis comprising: a first step of reducing a catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; a second step of preparing liquid hydrocarbon in which a part or all of molecular oxygen is eliminated; and a third step of introducing the reduced catalyst prepared in the first step into the liquid hydrocarbon prepared in the second step while blocking its contact with air. Since the reduced catalyst used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is introduced into liquid hydrocarbon from which molecular oxygen is removed or coated by liquid hydrocarbon, the catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis activated based on the present invention maintains a high activity even if exposed to the air for a long time, thereby easily facilitating the long-term storage and long-distance transfer of the reduced catalyst.

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method may pass a pyrolysis feed to a thermal pyrolysis reactor and expose at least a portion of the pyrolysis feed to high-severity operating conditions in a thermal pyrolysis reactor, wherein the thermal pyrolysis reactor is operated at operating conditions that include pressure ≧36 psig and provide a reactor product that has a C.sub.3+ to C.sub.2 unsaturate weight ratio ≦0.5.

Petroleum oil is catalytically cracked by contacting oil with catalyst mixture consisting of a base cracking catalyst containing an stable Y-type zeolite and small amounts of rare-earth metal oxide, and an additive containing a shape-selective zeolite, in an FCC apparatus having a regeneration zone, a separation zone, and a stripping zone. Production of light-fraction olefins is maximized by applying appropriate process control, monitoring, and optimizing systems. Mathematical process models, including neural networks, statistical models and finite impulse models are used in conjunction with advanced controllers and optimizing routines to calculate optimal settings for various parameters. Process model and historical data to test a predictive system can provide early warning of potential performance degradation and equipment failure in the FCC unit, decreasing overall operating costs and increasing plant safety.