Processes for the production of transportation fuel from a renewable feedstock. A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is used to deoxygenate and hydrogenate the glycerides to produce long chain hydrocarbons. Water is also introduced into the reaction zone to increase the amount of hydrogen and to increase the utilization of carbon monoxide within the reaction zone. Synthesis gas may also be used to supply at least a portion of the gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The amount of hydrogen equivalents in the reaction zone is at least 100% of a stoichiometric hydrogen demand within the reaction zone.

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase, at least partially depolymerizing the lignin in the phenolics liquid phase, wherein at least partially depolymerizing the lignin generates hydrocarbons.

This disclosure relates to the production of chemicals and plastics using pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis of plastic waste as a co-feedstock along with a petroleum-based, fossil fuel-based, or bio-based feedstock. In an aspect, the polymers and chemicals produced according to this disclosure can be certified under International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) provisions as circular polymers and chemicals at any point along complex chemical reaction pathways. The use of a mass balance approach which attributes the pounds of pyrolyzed plastic products derived from pyrolysis oil to any output stream of a given unit has been developed, which permits ISCC certification agency approval.

A method of recovering gaseous hydrocarbons from tank headspace as fuel on-site includes flowing a hydrocarbon gas composition from headspace of a tank fed by a secondary separator into a compressor to form a compressed mixture. The method includes flowing the compressed mixture into a cooling unit to cool the compressed mixture, to form a cooled composition including liquid hydrocarbons. The method includes flowing the cooled composition to a buffer tank to form a buffered fuel composition. The method includes removing a fuel gas composition from headspace of the buffer tank. The method also includes combusting the fuel gas composition as an on-site fuel.

Processes are disclosed for the production of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) hydrocarbons, utilizing both alcohol (e.g., methanol) synthesis and in situ dehydration of the alcohol to hydrocarbons, and particularly propane and/or butane. The strategic implementation of water and/or heat removal, as well as adjustments to amounts of water and/or heat removed, have been discovered to result in important process improvements, such as in the performance of catalyst systems used in these processes. Performance advantages may reside, for example, in increased LPG hydrocarbon yield and/or selectivity, increased catalyst stability, or, for a given LPG synthesis reactor, decreased exotherm and/or decreased maximum temperature. Performance parameters associated with reduced reaction temperatures may advantageously facilitate the use of a wider selection of reaction systems, such as a fluidized bed reactor, which may further improve material and heat distribution, and therefore overall process control.

A process can be used for purifying a hydrocarbon stream containing at least Cx alkanes, Cx olefins, low boilers such as Cx1 hydrocarbons, and high boilers such as Cx+1 hydrocarbons, with x=3 or 4. The process involves separating off low boilers and separating off high boilers, wherein the separating-off of high boilers is performed in the presence of hydrogen and hence a hydrogenation of the olefins present takes place.

A system for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils has a catalytic cracking reactor, a catalyst separation device, an optional reaction product separator, and a regenerator. A catalytic cracking reactor has a dilute-phase transport fluidized bed and a fast fluidized bed connected in series for reaction. In the fast fluidized bed, the axial solid fraction of the catalyst is controlled within the range of about 0.1 to about 0.2. When used for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oil feedstocks, particularly heavy feedstock oils, the process and system show lower yields of dry gas and coke, and good product distribution.

The disclosure provides a process for hydrocracking a carbon-containing feedstock, including: reacting a carbon-containing feedstock and hydrogen stream in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst to produce an alkane-containing product stream; where the hydrocracking catalyst comprises a solid alumina composition as a catalyst support, where the solid alumina composition is prepared from a precursor composition comprising an alumina hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3), aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlO(OH)), or a mixture thereof.

Provided is a novel synthetic crystalline borongermanosilicate molecular sieve material, designated boron SSZ-113. The boron SSZ-113 can be synthesized using 1,3 bis(2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazolium) propane dications as a structure directing agent. The boron SSZ-113 may be used in organic compound conversion reactions and/or sorptive processes, and in particular, in reforming reactions.

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a process for treating a diesel feedstock to convert diesel to component-paraffins includes hydrodesulfurizing and hydrodenitrogenizing the diesel feedstock to reduce a sulfur content of the diesel feedstock and a nitrogen content of the diesel feedstock; hydrocracking the hydrodesulfurized and hydrodenitrogenized diesel feedstock over a metal-containing diesel hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one zeolite to produce a hydrocrackate fraction; separating the hydrocrackate fraction into a first stream enriched in n-paraffins and a second stream enriched in iso-paraffins and naphthenes; and reverse isomerizing at least a portion of the second stream over an isomerization catalyst to convert at least a portion of the iso-paraffins to n-paraffins, producing a reverse isomerate fraction.