A method of controlling a circulating fluidized bed gasifier includes feeding first and second portions of particulate material to be gasified through inlets in a gasifier. Oxygen and steam are fed through a bottom grid into a lower portion of the gasifier to fluidize the bed. Product gas and entrained particles are discharged from an upper portion of the gasifier. Particles are separated from the product gas and a portion of the separated particles is returned to the lower portion. A portion of the returned particles is oxidized to generate heat. Heat and oxidizing products from the lower portion are transferred to the center portion to generate the product gas. A ratio of the first and second portions of particulate material to be gasified is determined on the basis of a measured temperature profile so as to control the vertical temperature distribution in the gasifier.

An interconnected set of two or more stages of reactors to form a bio-reforming reactor that generates syngas for a number of different liquid fuel or chemical processes is discussed. A first stage includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor that is configured to cause a chemical devolatilization of the biomass into its reaction products of constituent gases, tars, chars, and other components, which exit through a reactor output from the first stage. A second stage of the bio-reforming reactor has an input configured to receive a stream of some of the reaction products that includes the constituent gases and at least some of the tars as raw syngas, and then chemically reacts the raw syngas within a vessel of the second stage to make the raw syngas from the first stage into a chemical grade syngas by further cracking the tars, excess methane, or both.

Disclosed embodiments include a feedstock preparation system that includes a solid feedstock mill including a housing having a chamber. The solid feedstock mill also includes a solids breakup assembly at least partially disposed inside the chamber. The solid feedstock mill further includes a feedstock inlet through the housing into the chamber and a plurality of feedstock outlets through the housing from the chamber.

The pyrolysis apparatus includes a fluid bed furnace (1), a first partition wall (11) dividing inside of the fluid bed furnace (1) into a pyrolysis chamber (4) and a combustion chamber (5), a second partition wall (12) dividing the combustion chamber (5) into a main combustion chamber (6) and a settling combustion chamber (7), a first gas diffuser (15), a second gas diffuser (25), and a third gas diffuser (35) configured to supply a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis chamber (4), the main combustion chamber (6), and the settling combustion chamber (7), respectively, a first raw-material supply device (71) configured to supply a first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) with a first supply amount, a second raw-material supply device (72) configured to supply a second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) with a second supply amount, and an operation controller (200) configured to independently control operations of the first raw-material supply device (71) and the second raw-material supply device (72).

There is provided a method and apparatus for producing hydrogen gas from biogenic material (210) within a pressure vessel (10). The method comprises heating a granular material (15) to greater than 500 C., adding a batch of biogenic material (210) into the pressure vessel with the heated granular material (15) at atmospheric pressure, closing the pressure vessel, and mixing the heated granular material (15) with the biogenic material (210) inside the closed pressure vessel (10) to raise the temperature of the biogenic material (210) and commence gasification, the gasification producing gas that increases the pressure inside the pressure vessel (10), the produced gas comprising hydrogen gas.

The pyrolysis apparatus includes a fluid bed furnace (1), a first partition wall (11) dividing inside of the fluid bed furnace (1) into a pyrolysis chamber (4) and a combustion chamber (5), a second partition wall (12) dividing the combustion chamber (5) into a main combustion chamber (6) and a settling combustion chamber (7), a first gas diffuser (15), a second gas diffuser (25), and a third gas diffuser (35) configured to supply a first fluidizing gas, a second fluidizing gas, and a third fluidizing gas to the pyrolysis chamber (4), the main combustion chamber (6), and the settling combustion chamber (7), respectively, a first raw-material supply device (71) configured to supply a first raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) with a first supply amount, a second raw-material supply device (72) configured to supply a second raw material to the pyrolysis chamber (4) with a second supply amount, and an operation controller (200) configured to independently control operations of the first raw-material supply device (71) and the second raw-material supply device (72).

A fixed bed gasifier for generating a producer or synthesis gas from solid fuel, particularly from slagging fuel, includes a gasifier tank, a fuel supply for supplying a solid fuel, and one or more gasification agent supplies for supplying one or more gasification agents used to gasify the solid fuel provided in the tank. An outlet discharges slag and producer gas which result from the gasification of the solid fuel. At least one section of a tank wall of the gasifier tank is surrounded by a temperature homogenizing layer, the heat conductivity of which is higher than the heat conductivity of the gasifier tank and which ensures an even temperature distribution in the tank wall in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the gasifier tank.

A fully modularized mid-feed pyrolysis reactor includes modularized upper, middle, and lower vessels. The middle vessel is equipped with at least two feeding units. Discharge pipes of the feeding units are placed into the core feeding and reaction zone of the reactor. The discharge outlets of the discharge pipes are equipped with heat-insulating valves that can automatically close under gravity. The lower vessel integrates an integrated grate, which can be rotatably arranged inside the lower vessel. The top of the integrated grate is equipped with a rotatable distributor including a support tray and a material distribution tower with a pointed top structure positioned at the center of the support tray. The bracket formed by water-cooling pipes on the distributor can act as an agitator. Under the premise of achieving precise control, this invention solves the technical problems of single feedstock and small reactor capacity in existing bottom-feed vertical pyrolysis reactors.

A powder supply hopper pressurizing apparatus including a first buffer tank in which pressurizing gas to be supplied to a powder supply hopper is accumulated at a predetermined pressure, a second buffer tank, a lower part pressure adjustment nitrogen system connected to the powder supply hopper, to supply the gas toward powder fuel stored in the powder supply hopper when supplying the powder fuel to a burner, and a control unit that controls the first buffer tank to pressurize the powder supply hopper to a first pressure and then controls the second buffer tank to pressurize the powder supply hopper to a second pressure, and where the control unit determines that one of the first buffer tank or the second buffer tank is non-usable, the control unit pressurizes the powder supply hopper by use of the first or second buffer tank that is operable, and the gas supply system.

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.