Fluidized bed reactor apparatus, comprising a cylindrical reactor chamber (10), and a rotating shaft (14) equipped with radially extending fluidization units (16) disposed in the reactor chamber (10), said rotating shaft (14) being connected to a drive unit (42). The apparatus further comprising means for feeding fluidizing bed material into the rector chamber (10), creating a fluidized bed (28) in the reactor chamber (10), means for feeding organic material that shall be processed into the fluidized bed (28) in the reactor chamber (10), and one or more outlets (22,24) for discharge of material, gases and vapors, wherein the process in the reactor chamber (10) is controlled by a control system (40) connected to at least the drive unit (42). The invention also relates to a method for processing organic material using a fluidized bed reactor apparatus.

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to an evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar.

Apparatus and associated methods relate to drying a wet coated seed material stream comprising an incoming wet granular biosolids stream mixed with a controlled size dried seed material recycling stream to produce a moist air and pellet stream, separating an uncontrolled size dried pellet stream from the moist air and pellet stream, diverting a recycle portion of the uncontrolled size dried pellet stream to be recycled, diverting the remainder of the uncontrolled size dried pellet stream to an outlet, resizing oversized pellets from the recycle portion of the uncontrolled size dried pellet stream to produce the controlled size dried seed material recycling stream, and mixing the controlled size dried seed material recycling stream with the incoming wet granular biosolids stream to produce the wet coated seed material stream. Oversized pellets may be selected using a screen. The oversized pellets may be resized using a crusher inline with the recycle stream.

A two-stage syngas production method to produce a final product gas from a carbonaceous material includes producing a first product gas in a first reactor, separating char from the first product gas to produce separated char and char-depleted product gas, and separately reacting the separated char and the char-depleted product gas with an oxygen-containing gas in a second reactor to produce a final product gas. The separated char is introduced into the second reactor above the char-depleted product gas. The solids separation device may include serially connected cyclones, and the separated char may be entrained in a motive fluid in an eductor to produce a char and motive fluid mixture prior to being transferred to the second reactor. A biorefinery method produces a purified product from the final product gas.

The present invention discloses a gasifier and/or a gasification process that provides a long, uniform temperature zone in the gasifier, regardless of the particle size, chemical composition, and moisture content of the fuel by sandwiching a reduction zones between two oxidation zones. The gasifier and/or gasification process has a char that is more energy-dense and almost devoid of moisture that affords for an additional (or char) oxidation zone with a temperature that is higher than a first oxidation zone which is closer to an evaporation and devolatilization zone. As such, the additional (or char) oxidation zone contributes to augmenting the reduction zone temperature, thereby providing a favorable dual impact in improving syngas composition and near-complete conversion of the tar.

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (1). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter (2) to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7μ and preferably down to 4μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor (3) to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed (4) to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier (6) is disclosed.

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (1). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter (2) to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7μ and preferably down to 4μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor (3) to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed (4) to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier (6) is disclosed.

A process for processing carbonaceous material, the process comprising: delivering a carbonaceous material to a reactor; delivering a catalyst to the reactor; processing the carbonaceous material at a relatively low temperature within the reactor to decompose the carbonaceous material to base compounds.

A process for processing carbonaceous material, the process comprising: delivering a carbonaceous material to a reactor; delivering a catalyst to the reactor; processing the carbonaceous material at a relatively low temperature within the reactor to decompose the carbonaceous material to base compounds.

A pyrolysis and gasification system produce a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock. The system includes a feed hopper that has a flow measurement device. The system also includes a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode. The reactor is configured to receive the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper. The reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char. The system also includes a cyclone assembly. The produced synthesis gas including the bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly. The cyclone assembly removes a portion of the bio-char from the synthesis gas.