A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

Synthesis gas containing nitrogen as the majority component is processed to increase the hydrogen to carbon dioxide ratio. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other contaminants are subsequently removed by a purification unit to produce a purified hydrogen gas stream. A recycle stream within the purification unit helps achieve a hydrogen purity greater than 99.9 percent, and hydrogen recovery greater than 99 percent.

Apparatus and methods to eliminate PFAS from wastewater biosolids through fluidized bed gasification. The gasifier decomposes the PFAS in the biosolids at temperatures of 900-1800° F. Syngas exits the gasifier which is coupled to a thermal oxidizer and combusts at temperatures of 1600-2600° F. This decomposes PFAS in the syngas and creates flue gas. Heat is recovered from the flue gas by cooling the flue gas to temperatures of 400-1200° F. in a heat exchanger coupled with the thermal oxidizer. Various methods inject moisture into the gas stream, controlling temperature through evaporative cooling and/or injecting chemicals that react with gas stream components. Cooled flue gas mixes with hydrated lime capturing decomposed PFAS molecules with spent lime filtered from the cooled flue gas using a filter system that may incorporate catalyst impregnated filter elements, eliminating PFAS from wastewater biosolids and controlling emissions in the resulting flue gas.

A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (1). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter (2) to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7μ and preferably down to 4μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor (3) to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed (4) to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier (6) is disclosed.

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (1). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter (2) to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7μ and preferably down to 4μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor (3) to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed (4) to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier (6) is disclosed.

A pyrolysis and gasification system produce a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock. The system includes a feed hopper that has a flow measurement device. The system also includes a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode. The reactor is configured to receive the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper. The reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char. The system also includes a cyclone assembly. The produced synthesis gas including the bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly. The cyclone assembly removes a portion of the bio-char from the synthesis gas.

A gasifier system that combines the use of dirty fuels with clean fuels such as biomass. The heat created produces steam for the co-generation of mechanical power and electricity. The dirty fuels are converted in a gasifier or a pyrolyzer into various useful products that include syngas, heat, and oils. Syngas that is produced by the dirty fuels normally emits pollutants when combusted that require scrubbing. However, when the syngas is combusted into a biomass gasifier the dirty fuel emissions are scrubbed by being reformed into a much cleaner syngas/producer gas. Heat transferred from the dirty fuels gasifier/pyrolyzer syngas increases the efficiency of the clean fuels gasifier that results in increased amounts of steam for electricity/power production. In lieu of producing steam, the syngas from the clean fuel gasifier can be used to fuel an engine for power production. Other outputs from the clean-fuels gasifier include biochar and ash.

A method of generating hydrogen from an offgas includes obtaining the offgas from a renewable diesel unit (RDU). The method further includes inputting the offgas to a steam methane reformer (SMR).