This invention introduces a method of preparing a carbon-based sulfur-loading iron-containing adsorbent for mercury removal, which can solve the problems in the prior art that sulfur-rich heavy organic materials have low-value utilization and the elemental mercury in atmosphere is hard to be efficiently and economically removed by the existing mercury removal agents. A carbon-based sulfur-loading iron-containing adsorbent for mercury removal is prepared in this invention. The adsorbent with a porous structure is prepared in situ by performing steps such as chemical activation of sulfur-rich heavy organic materials that are rich in iron. The adsorbent prepared herein has good mercury removal performance in simulated coal-fired flue gas. This invention not only improves the utilization value of sulfur-rich heavy organic materials, but also prevents SO.sub.X pollution caused by the combustion of sulfur-rich heavy organic materials and controls mercury pollution in the coal-fired flue gas.

A fuel cell system for removing carbon dioxide from anode exhaust gas includes: a fuel cell having an anode configured to output an anode exhaust gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water; an anode gas oxidizer; and an absorption system configured to receive the anode exhaust gas, the absorption system including: an absorber column configured to absorb the carbon dioxide from the anode exhaust gas in a solvent and to output a resultant gas comprising hydrogen and a hydrocarbon that is at least partially recycled to the anode; and a stripper column configured to regenerate the solvent and to output a carbon dioxide-rich stream. The anode gas oxidizer is configured to receive and oxidize an anode gas oxidizer input stream and at least a portion of the carbon dioxide-rich stream. The anode gas oxidizer input stream comprises a portion of the anode exhaust gas.

A process for sweetening a syngas stream, the process comprising the steps of: providing a syngas stream to a nonselective amine absorption unit, the sour syngas stream comprising syngas, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide; separating the syngas stream in the nonselective amine absorption unit to obtain an overhead syngas stream and an acid gas stream; introducing the acid gas stream to a membrane separation unit, the acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; separating the acid gas stream in the membrane separation unit to produce a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream comprises hydrogen sulfide, wherein the permeate stream comprises carbon dioxide; introducing the retentate stream to a sulfur recovery unit; processing the retentate stream in the sulfur recovery unit to produce a sulfur stream and a tail gas stream, wherein the sulfur stream comprises liquid sulfur.

A process for sweetening a syngas stream, the process comprising the steps of: providing a syngas stream to a nonselective amine absorption unit, the sour syngas stream comprising syngas, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide; separating the syngas stream in the nonselective amine absorption unit to obtain an overhead syngas stream and an acid gas stream; introducing the acid gas stream to a membrane separation unit, the acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; separating the acid gas stream in the membrane separation unit to produce a retentate stream and a permeate stream, wherein the retentate stream comprises hydrogen sulfide, wherein the permeate stream comprises carbon dioxide; introducing the retentate stream to a sulfur recovery unit; processing the retentate stream in the sulfur recovery unit to produce a sulfur stream and a tail gas stream, wherein the sulfur stream comprises liquid sulfur.

A pyrolysis and gasification system produce a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock. The system includes a feed hopper that has a flow measurement device. The system also includes a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode. The reactor is configured to receive the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper. The reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char. The system also includes a cyclone assembly. The produced synthesis gas including the bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly. The cyclone assembly removes a portion of the bio-char from the synthesis gas.

A method for recovering hydrogen which is capable of efficiently recovering high concentration hydrogen gas by adsorbing and removing hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide from biomass pyrolysis gas under a relatively low pressure, and also capable of storing the recovered high concentration hydrogen gas, preferably, in a cartridge type container that can be used as is as a hydrogen storing container for an apparatus equipped with a fuel cell. The method includes a first purifying stare of purifying biomass pyrolysis gas and a second purifying stage of purifying the obtained purified gas under a pressure equal to or less than the pressure in the first purifying stage to recover gas that contains hydrogen, and further includes a hydrogen storing stage of feeding the gas containing hydrogen recovered in the second purifying stage into the container filled with a hydrogen storage alloy and storing high purity hydrogen.

A method for recovering hydrogen which is capable of efficiently recovering high concentration hydrogen gas by adsorbing and removing hydrocarbon gas such as carbon dioxide from biomass pyrolysis gas under a relatively low pressure, and also capable of storing the recovered high concentration hydrogen gas, preferably, in a cartridge type container that can be used as is as a hydrogen storing container for an apparatus equipped with a fuel cell. The method includes a first purifying stare of purifying biomass pyrolysis gas and a second purifying stage of purifying the obtained purified gas under a pressure equal to or less than the pressure in the first purifying stage to recover gas that contains hydrogen, and further includes a hydrogen storing stage of feeding the gas containing hydrogen recovered in the second purifying stage into the container filled with a hydrogen storage alloy and storing high purity hydrogen.

The present disclosure provides ethanol comprising an inorganic component and/or an organic component. The inorganic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: silicon having a content of 10 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less; chromium having a content of 0.6 mg/L or less; iron having a content of 2.0 mg/L or less; sodium having a content of 150 mg/L or more and 1000 mg/L or less; and potassium having a content of 1.0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less. The organic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.16 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; aromatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.4 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; and dialkyl ether having a content of 0.1 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less.

A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity . A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity . A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.