A method for treatment of a gas having 10 to 0.5% by volume of at least one of COS and CS.sub.2, and 30 ppm to 5% by volume of unsaturated hydrocarbons: a) hydrogenation of organic compounds unsaturated with respect to paraffins by contacting the gas with a hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at 100 to 400 C., to provide an effluent that is low in unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, the hydrogenation catalyst having at least one metal that is palladium, platinum, nickel, or cobalt deposited on a porous substrate. b) catalytic hydrolysis-hydrogenation in the presence of water of COS and/or CS.sub.2 present in the effluent of a) to provide an H.sub.2S-rich effluent by bringing the effluent from a) into contact with a hydrolysis-hydrogenation catalyst.

A raw syngas coming from HT gasification of organic wastes, once cooled in a proper heat recovery boiler or in a quencher is treated in a scrubbing section where, by adding an acidic solution followed by alkaline solution and by a WESP, particulate and chlorine compounds are removed and the syngas is ready for conversion, after its compression. In the conversion step CO is converted into C02 and H2 by adding steam; H2S is reduced to sulphur in a solid form, C02 is removed via cryogenic unit or an amine unit and pure H2 is produced.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are novel nickel-iron-magnesium oxide catalyst compositions and methods of making and using the same.

A gas clean-up unit includes a first conversion unit configured to perform a first conversion process of converting hydrogen cyanide contained in gas to be treated to ammonia, in presence of a first catalyst and at a first predetermined temperature; a second conversion unit configured to perform a second conversion process of converting carbonyl sulfide in the gas that has been subjected to the first conversion process to hydrogen sulfide, in presence of a second catalyst and at a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature; a cleaning unit configured to perform a cleaning process of bringing the gas into gas-liquid contact with cleaning liquid to remove the ammonia by cleaning; and a desulfurization unit configured to absorb and remove hydrogen sulfide in the gas by bringing the gas that has been subjected to the cleaning process into gas-liquid contact with absorbent.

A gas clean-up unit includes a first conversion unit configured to perform a first conversion process of converting hydrogen cyanide contained in gas to be treated to ammonia, in presence of a first catalyst and at a first predetermined temperature; a second conversion unit configured to perform a second conversion process of converting carbonyl sulfide in the gas that has been subjected to the first conversion process to hydrogen sulfide, in presence of a second catalyst and at a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature; a cleaning unit configured to perform a cleaning process of bringing the gas into gas-liquid contact with cleaning liquid to remove the ammonia by cleaning; and a desulfurization unit configured to absorb and remove hydrogen sulfide in the gas by bringing the gas that has been subjected to the cleaning process into gas-liquid contact with absorbent.

A product gas filter with a filter housing, into which product gas of a wood gas reactor is supplied, by means of a product gas line, and is discharged as clean gas through a clean gas line. Long-chain hydrocarbons in the product gas stream can be at least substantially reduced, and a high filter performance achieved, where the filter is divided gas-tight into two parts by a separating tray in such a way that the product gas line is delivered to the lower region and the clean gas line exits from the upper collecting space; at least two filter cartridges, each coupled individually to a compressed air line and compressed air source, project into the lower region; and a zeolite container is connected to the lower portion of the filter via a compressed air source connectable, Venturi nozzle and a lockable line.

Ultra-clean char and ultra-clean gaseous hydrocarbons are produced from a carbon-based feedstock to generate maximum efficiency uniform heat and/or electricity in a clean environmentally friendly process. The ultra-clean char and ultra-clean gaseous hydrocarbon streams are produced by pyrolizing organic matter, such as coal or pet coke or any other carbon-based material including land, sea, plastics and industrial waste. The pyrolized organic matter may be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce heat, which can be used to generate electricity in a conventional boiler/generator system. Further, pyrolized organic matter can be combusted in the presence of carbon dioxide and further processed to produce various hydrocarbons. In other embodiments, the ultra-clean post-combustion ash may be subjected to an extraction process for capturing valuable rare earth elements.

A method is provided for thermally processing waste to produce steam and generate energy while minimizing air pollutants in a staged thermal reactor. The method includes gasifying the waste to convert the waste to a fuel gas and a substantially carbon free, inert, granulated, sintered mineral ash and reforming the fuel gas auto-thermally to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide when the fuel gas is combusted. The method further includes burning the reformed fuel gas to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide in a flame region of a fuel gas burner and recirculating cooled flue gas to control oxygen content and temperature during the reforming operation and the burning operation. In one example, reforming the fuel gas converts non-molecular nitrogen species into molecular nitrogen in an auto-thermal non-catalytic reformer unit by decomposition reactions promoted by a prevailing reducing gas atmosphere.

A method is provided for thermally processing waste to produce steam and generate energy while minimizing air pollutants in a staged thermal reactor. The method includes gasifying the waste to convert the waste to a fuel gas and a substantially carbon free, inert, granulated, sintered mineral ash and reforming the fuel gas auto-thermally to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide when the fuel gas is combusted. The method further includes burning the reformed fuel gas to minimize creation of nitrogen oxide in a flame region of a fuel gas burner and recirculating cooled flue gas to control oxygen content and temperature during the reforming operation and the burning operation. In one example, reforming the fuel gas converts non-molecular nitrogen species into molecular nitrogen in an auto-thermal non-catalytic reformer unit by decomposition reactions promoted by a prevailing reducing gas atmosphere.

Electric-powered, closed-loop, continuous-feed, endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a shaftless auger. In another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a drag conveyor. In yet another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a distillation and/or fractionating stage. The endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods feature mechanisms for natural resource recovery, refining, and recycling, such as secondary recovery of metals, minerals, nutrients, and/or carbon char.