The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a synthetic fuel comprising gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying the raw synthesis gas to a primary clean-up zone to wash particulates and ammonia or HCl out of the raw synthesis gas; contacting the synthesis gas in a secondary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for sulphurous materials; contacting the desulphurised raw synthesis gas in a tertiary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for CO.sub.2 effective to absorb CO.sub.2; removing at least part of the absorbed CO.sub.2 in a solvent regeneration stage to recover CO.sub.2 in a form sufficiently pure for sequestration or other use; and supplying the clean synthesis gas to a further reaction train to generate a synthetic fuel.

An eFuels plant and process for producing synthetic hydrocarbons using renewable energy are disclosed. The eFuels plant comprises a hydrocarbon synthesis (HS) system and a renewable feed and carbon/energy recovery (RFCER) system. The RFCER comprises an electrolysis unit to convert water to hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide are fed to the HS system to produce synthetic hydrocarbon products. The process further comprises a thermal desalination unit, a direct air capture unit, an oxygen-fired heater, a steam turbine generator, a heat recovery unit, anaerobic and/or aerobic wastewater treatment, or a combination thereof. Process streams of and heat generated in the HS and RFCER systems are integrated to improve energy, hydrogen, and carbon efficiency and maintain stable operations during power fluctuations to the eFuels plant.

A reactor system and a process for carrying out reverse water gas shift reaction of a feedstock comprising CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to a first product gas comprising CO are provided, where a methanation reaction take place in parallel to the reverse water gas shift reaction, and where the heat for the endothermic reverse water gas shift reaction is provided by resistance heating.

A process and system for producing liquid and gas fuels and other useful chemicals from carbon containing source materials comprises cool plasma gasification and/or pyrolysis of a source material to produce synthesis gas using the produced synthesis gas for the production of a hydrocarbon, methanol, ammonia, urea, and other products. The process and system are capable of sequestering carbon dioxide and reducing NOx and SOx.

A process for producing a methane-containing gas mixture includes the steps of: (i) passing a first feed gas mixture including hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a bed of methanation catalyst to react a portion of the hydrogen with at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and form a methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen, (ii) adding an oxygen-containing gas to the methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen to form a second feed gas mixture, and (iii) passing the second feed gas mixture through a bed of an oxidation catalyst to react the residual hydrogen and oxygen to form a hydrogen depleted methane-containing gas mixture.

A process for producing a methane-containing gas mixture includes the steps of: (i) passing a first feed gas mixture including hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a bed of methanation catalyst to react a portion of the hydrogen with at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and form a methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen, (ii) adding an oxygen-containing gas to the methane-containing gas mixture containing residual hydrogen to form a second feed gas mixture, and (iii) passing the second feed gas mixture through a bed of an oxidation catalyst to react the residual hydrogen and oxygen to form a hydrogen depleted methane-containing gas mixture.

A method for the generation of a gas mixture including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen for use in hydroformylation plants, including the steps of evaporating water to steam; feeding the steam to a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or an SOEC stack at a sufficient temperature for the cell or cell stack to operate while effecting a partial conversion of steam to hydrogen; utilizing the effluent SOEC gas including H.sub.2 together with CO.sub.2 from an external source as feed for a RWGS reactor in which the RWGS reaction takes place, converting some of the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 to CO and H.sub.2O; removing some of or all the remaining steam from the raw product gas stream; using said gas mixture comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 for liquid phase hydroformylation utilizing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as reactants, while recycling CO.sub.2 to the RWGS reactor.

The invention relates to a process for the production of liquid hydrocarbons by the use of light-end fractions from downstream synthesis in the reforming section of the plant.

In an embodiment, a process of making C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons comprises contacting a feed comprising a methane steam reforming gas and an additional carbon dioxide with a manganese oxide-copper oxide catalyst to produce a product syngas in a contacting zone under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 620 to 650 C.; and converting the product syngas to C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst; wherein the methane steam reforming gas has an initial H.sub.2:CO volume ratio greater than 3; wherein the product syngas has a H.sub.2:CO volume ratio of 1.5 to 3; and wherein the contacting further comprises removing water.