A fuel production plant includes an electrolysis apparatus; an ethanol generation apparatus that decomposes sugars to generate ethanol and carbon dioxide; and a hydrocarbon generation apparatus that generates hydrocarbons by reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen. The fuel production plant further includes a hydrogen supply part that supplies hydrogen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus, an oxygen supply part that supplies oxygen generated in the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus by coupling the electrolysis apparatus to the ethanol generation apparatus, and a carbon dioxide supply part that supplies carbon dioxide generated in the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus by coupling the ethanol generation apparatus to the hydrocarbon generation apparatus.

A method for forming a desired hydrocarbon fuel product from a mixed oxygenate feedstock by utilizing chemical processes to form ketones from the oxygenate feed, upgrade the ketones, recycle selected upgraded ketones through the upgrading process to obtain a desired intermediate and hydrogenating the desired intermediate to obtain the desired hydrocarbon fuel product. In various alternative configurations and embodiments this can be accomplished in a number of ways, and originate in a number of different positions and occasions.

A method for forming a desired hydrocarbon fuel product from a mixed oxygenate feedstock by utilizing chemical processes to form ketones from the oxygenate feed, upgrade the ketones, recycle selected upgraded ketones through the upgrading process to obtain a desired intermediate and hydrogenating the desired intermediate to obtain the desired hydrocarbon fuel product. In various alternative configurations and embodiments this can be accomplished in a number of ways, and originate in a number of different positions and occasions.

A method for preparing a high-quality fuel oil and/or chemical raw material from a biomass pyrolysis liquid. In the method, a biomass pyrolysis liquid undergoes a hydrodeoxygenation reaction in a catalyst full mixing flow circulation system in a fluidized bed reactor to obtain deoxygenated oil, and the obtained deoxygenated oil undergoes a hydrocracking reaction in a fixed bed reactor to obtain high-quality fuel oil and/or a chemical raw material. The method may prevent the condensation and coking of a biomass pyrolysis liquid, solve the problem of rapid catalyst deactivation, and may convert a biomass pyrolysis liquid into a high-quality fuel oil that may be directly used by vehicles and into a chemical product.

A method for preparing a high-quality fuel oil and/or chemical raw material from a biomass pyrolysis liquid. In the method, a biomass pyrolysis liquid undergoes a hydrodeoxygenation reaction in a catalyst full mixing flow circulation system in a fluidized bed reactor to obtain deoxygenated oil, and the obtained deoxygenated oil undergoes a hydrocracking reaction in a fixed bed reactor to obtain high-quality fuel oil and/or a chemical raw material. The method may prevent the condensation and coking of a biomass pyrolysis liquid, solve the problem of rapid catalyst deactivation, and may convert a biomass pyrolysis liquid into a high-quality fuel oil that may be directly used by vehicles and into a chemical product.

Hydroprocessed residual fuel and/or fuel blending components are provided that have a sulfur and nitrogen level comparable to liquefied natural gas (LNG). Because of the low starting level of sulfur and/or nitrogen, the severity of the hydroprocessing that is needed for the crude oil or bottoms fraction in order to remove sulfur to a level that is comparable to LNG is reduced or minimized. This can allow the resulting marine residual fuels to have low carbon intensity, low SOx and NOx emission and high energy density. Since the hydroprocessed fractions correspond to a fuel oil product, the resulting marine fuel can be used in existing fleets, and can be distributed in existing bunkering systems.

Kerosene boiling range or jet fuel boiling range compositions are provided that are formed from crude oils with unexpected combinations of high naphthenes to aromatics weight and/or volume ratio and a low sulfur content. The resulting kerosene boiling range fractions can have an unexpected combination of a high naphthenes to aromatics weight ratio, a low but substantial aromatics content, and a low sulfur content. Such fractions can potentially be used as fuel after a reduced or minimized amount of additional refinery processing. By reducing, minimizing, or avoiding the amount of refinery processing needed to meet fuel and/or fuel blending product specifications, the fractions derived from the high naphthenes to aromatics ratio and low sulfur crudes can provide fuels and/or fuel blending products having a reduced or minimized carbon intensity.

A process is disclosed for producing renewable products, such as a renewable base oil, from a feedstock of biological origin. The process includes subjecting a feedstock containing free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerides, wherein at least one hydrocarbon chain is unsaturated, to esterification reaction in the presence of an alcohol. An ester stream thereby obtained is then subjected to metathesis conditions in the presence of a renewable alkene to obtain a metathesis product. Separation of the metathesis product includes recovery of a fraction containing or consisting essentially of C16 fatty acid esters, which is subjected to ketonisation reaction conditions to produce long chain ketones, which after hydrotreatment meet requirements for a renewable base oil. Ketonisation reaction produces renewable alkene usable in metathesis reaction.

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel.

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel.