A composition contains an additive for assisting with the regeneration of the PF in the form of an organic dispersion of iron particles and a detergent including a polyester quaternary ammonium salt.

A composition contains an additive for assisting with the regeneration of the PF in the form of an organic dispersion of iron particles and a detergent including a polyester quaternary ammonium salt.

The present invention discloses a gasoline efficacy promoter (GEP) boosting combustion efficiency of gasoline in internal combustion engines by a mechanism of micro-dissociation comprising a microemulsion of modified bio-carbon, a surfactant, water, a modified vegetable oil and a dispersant, and a method of making it. The gasoline efficacy promoter, environmentally friendly and stable for longer than six months, can increase the combustion efficiency by more than 10%, and reduce 80% of NO.sub.x formation in exhaust emission when an appropriate dosage is added to a fuel tank in a vehicle.

A hybrid fuel and methods of making the same. A process for making a hybrid fuel includes the steps of combining a biofuel emulsion blend and a liquid fuel product to form a hybrid fuel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can be combined with water in a water-in-oil process and include oxygenate additives and additive packages. A hybrid fuel includes blends of biofuel emulsions and liquid fuel products, including light gas diesel. Optionally, the hybrid fuel can include water, oxygenate additives, and other additive packages.

The invention relates to a material consisting of a preparation made from a mixture of ferrocene and an inert flameproof material such as plaster, the material being presented in the form of granules and being suitable for spreading over a hydrocarbon fire in a simple and rapid manner such that, under the effect of the heat from the fire, the ferrocene contained in the granulated material is diffused progressively and homogeneously in a vapour phase over the base of the flames, so as to optimise the combustion of the hydrocarbon and to reduce the emission of smoke and unwanted particles.

Disclosed herein is a method for increasing the high load (knock) limit of an internal combustion engine operated in a low temperature combustion ignition mode, the method comprising operating the engine with a fuel composition comprising (a) gasoline having a Research Octane Number (RON) greater than 85 and (b) one or more cetane improvers.

Disclosed herein is a method for increasing the high load (knock) limit of an internal combustion engine operated in a low temperature combustion ignition mode, the method comprising operating the engine with a fuel composition comprising (a) gasoline having a Research Octane Number (RON) greater than 85 and (b) one or more cetane improvers.

A method of inhibiting vanadic corrosion of a hot part of a gas turbine system is provided. The method includes introducing, in the combustor, a first oxide comprising magnesium oxide (MgO) and at least one second oxide from among Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2. A ratio m of a number of moles of MgO to a number of moles of V.sub.2O.sub.5 and a ratio a of a total number of moles of the at least one second oxide to the number of moles of V.sub.2O.sub.5 satisfy two conditions based on a firing temperature of the expansion turbine, an average density of one or more double oxides formed by a reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide, and an average Knoop hardness of the one or more double oxides formed by the reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide.

A method of inhibiting vanadic corrosion of a hot part of a gas turbine system is provided. The method includes introducing, in the combustor, a first oxide comprising magnesium oxide (MgO) and at least one second oxide from among Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2. A ratio m of a number of moles of MgO to a number of moles of V.sub.2O.sub.5 and a ratio a of a total number of moles of the at least one second oxide to the number of moles of V.sub.2O.sub.5 satisfy two conditions based on a firing temperature of the expansion turbine, an average density of one or more double oxides formed by a reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide, and an average Knoop hardness of the one or more double oxides formed by the reaction between MgO and the at least one second oxide.

Concentrates containing specific functionalized diblock copolymers serve as effective additives for improving the cold flow behavior of fuels and oils, the copolymers being derived from a terminally-unsaturated intermediate polymer obtained via a metallocene process involving hydrogen.