A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy.

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy.

The present invention is provided with: a first processing device main body (111) that processes carbonized coal (1) by means of processing gas (103) of which the oxygen concentration has been adjusted by blowers (113,115); a second processing device main body (121) that processes primary processed carbonized coal (2a), which results from being processed at the first processing device main body, by means of air (102) fed by a blower (122); a second-processing-gas state detection means that detects the state of the air used within the second processing device main body; and a control device (130) that, on the basis of information from the second-processing—gas state detection means, controls the blowers (113,115) in a manner so as to adjust the oxygen concentration in the processing gas when the state of the air has diverged from a predetermined state.

The present invention is provided with: a first processing device main body (111) that processes carbonized coal (1) by means of processing gas (103) of which the oxygen concentration has been adjusted by blowers (113,115); a second processing device main body (121) that processes primary processed carbonized coal (2a), which results from being processed at the first processing device main body, by means of air (102) fed by a blower (122); a second-processing-gas state detection means that detects the state of the air used within the second processing device main body; and a control device (130) that, on the basis of information from the second-processing—gas state detection means, controls the blowers (113,115) in a manner so as to adjust the oxygen concentration in the processing gas when the state of the air has diverged from a predetermined state.

Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes.

The present disclosure relates to a method for continuously preparing a pulverulent material having a calorific power greater than the calorific power of the initial biomass, the method comprising a steam cracking step, wherein the initial biomass consists of elements having a grain size distribution of between P25 and P100, having a humidity of less than 27%, and directly subjected to a steam cracking treatment.

The present disclosure relates to a method for continuously preparing a pulverulent material having a calorific power greater than the calorific power of the initial biomass, the method comprising a steam cracking step, wherein the initial biomass consists of elements having a grain size distribution of between P25 and P100, having a humidity of less than 27%, and directly subjected to a steam cracking treatment.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the .sup.14C/.sup.12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.

A system for treating excrement of livestock includes: reduced-pressure fermentation drying equipment configured to store excrement of livestock in an airtight container, heat and stir the excrement of livestock under reduced pressure so that a temperature of the excrement of livestock is within a predetermined temperature range, decompose organic components of organic matter using microorganisms, and obtain volume-reduced dried product; and heat source equipment that is provided on a downstream side of the reduced-pressure fermentation drying equipment and generates a heat source by combusting the obtained volume-reduced dried product.

A system for treating excrement of livestock includes: reduced-pressure fermentation drying equipment configured to store excrement of livestock in an airtight container, heat and stir the excrement of livestock under reduced pressure so that a temperature of the excrement of livestock is within a predetermined temperature range, decompose organic components of organic matter using microorganisms, and obtain volume-reduced dried product; and heat source equipment that is provided on a downstream side of the reduced-pressure fermentation drying equipment and generates a heat source by combusting the obtained volume-reduced dried product.