Disclosed are a pulverized coal preprocessing method and a pulverized coal gasifying method. The pulverized coal preprocessing method comprises the following steps: (1) performing pore broadening on pulverized coal to obtain preprocessed pulverized coal; (2) loading alkali metal ions into the preprocessed pulverized coal under an ion exchange condition to obtain alkali metal loaded pulverized coal. The method further comprises loading a chrome complex into the alkali metal loaded pulverized coal obtained in described step (2). In gasification, the pulverized coal loaded with alkali metal potassium and chrome catalysts obtained by the method has the advantages of high sulphur removal rate, high carbon conversion rate, short gasifying reaction time and high methane production.

A composition is disclosed. The composition is useful for reducing emissions, carbon deposits and fuel consumption when liquid hydrocarbon fuels are combusted. The composition comprises: from 80 to 90 percent (%) by weight of ferrocene; and one or more components selected from the group consisting of behenyl alcohol, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, and magnesium stearate, whereas each of the components (if present) is present in the composition in a maximum quantity of 10% by weight. Generally, at least behenyl alcohol is present, along with at least one of hydrogenated cottonseed oil and magnesium stearate. The composition can be prepared in the form of granulated material, which can be subsequently applied as such or can be modified to another form (e.g. tablets, solutions, etc.). An additive for liquid hydrocarbon fuels is also disclosed.

Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.

Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.

A method of processing coal includes placing coal having a heat content between about 3,000 BTU/lb and about 9,000 BTU/lb and a moisture content between about 20 wt % and about 60 wt % in a vessel. The coal is heated by conduction. A pressure in the vessel is reduced to below atmospheric pressure, thereby reducing the coal, such that an average primary particle size of the coal is less than 1 millimeter. The reduced coal is shaped to yield a fuel composition.

A method of processing coal includes placing coal having a heat content between about 3,000 BTU/lb and about 9,000 BTU/lb and a moisture content between about 20 wt % and about 60 wt % in a vessel. The coal is heated by conduction. A pressure in the vessel is reduced to below atmospheric pressure, thereby reducing the coal, such that an average primary particle size of the coal is less than 1 millimeter. The reduced coal is shaped to yield a fuel composition.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.