The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbons containing cyclic ortho esters as dehydrating dehydrating icing inhibitors and to methods of using the compounds. The liquid hydrocarbons include fuels such aviation fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and hydrocarbon solvents.

The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbons containing cyclic ortho esters as dehydrating dehydrating icing inhibitors and to methods of using the compounds. The liquid hydrocarbons include fuels such aviation fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and hydrocarbon solvents.

Disclosed herein is a fluid flow improver comprising a branched dendritic core comprising a first quaternary carbon center bonded to four second carbon atoms, wherein at least three of the four second carbon atoms are individually bonded to one or more chain extender ligands to produce the branched dendritic core, wherein the branched dendritic core has greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, and wherein at least one of the terminal hydroxyl groups is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Methods of inhibiting deposition of paraffin and reducing pour point temperature of a hydrocarbon fluid are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a fluid flow improver comprising a branched dendritic core comprising a first quaternary carbon center bonded to four second carbon atoms, wherein at least three of the four second carbon atoms are individually bonded to one or more chain extender ligands to produce the branched dendritic core, wherein the branched dendritic core has greater than or equal to about 16 terminal hydroxyl groups, and wherein at least one of the terminal hydroxyl groups is esterified with at least one carboxylic acid moiety comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Methods of inhibiting deposition of paraffin and reducing pour point temperature of a hydrocarbon fluid are also disclosed.

A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine, the composition comprising a liquid base fuel; and a (co)polymer obtainable by (co)polymerizing at least the following monomers: one or more bicyclic (meth)acrylate esters (a); up to 15 wt % of styrene (b); optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers that are not monomer (a) or (b); up to a total of 100 wt %, wherein the weight percentages of the monomer are based on the total weight of all of the monomers.

A fuel composition for powering a combustion engine, the composition comprising a liquid base fuel; and a (co)polymer obtainable by (co)polymerizing at least the following monomers: one or more bicyclic (meth)acrylate esters (a); up to 15 wt % of styrene (b); optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers that are not monomer (a) or (b); up to a total of 100 wt %, wherein the weight percentages of the monomer are based on the total weight of all of the monomers.

Copolymers comprising C.sub.14 to C.sub.50 olefins and at least two different olefindicarboxylic esters and optionally maleic acid or maleic acid derivatives. The olefindicarboxylic esters are firstly esters with linear C.sub.18- to C.sub.50-alkyl groups and secondly esters with short-chain linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, or esters with aromatic groups. The invention further relates to a process for preparing copolymers of this kind and to the use thereof as pour point depressant for crude oil, mineral oil and/or mineral oil products, preferably as pour point depressant for crude oil.

Copolymers comprising C.sub.14 to C.sub.50 olefins and at least two different olefindicarboxylic esters and optionally maleic acid or maleic acid derivatives. The olefindicarboxylic esters are firstly esters with linear C.sub.18- to C.sub.50-alkyl groups and secondly esters with short-chain linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, or esters with aromatic groups. The invention further relates to a process for preparing copolymers of this kind and to the use thereof as pour point depressant for crude oil, mineral oil and/or mineral oil products, preferably as pour point depressant for crude oil.

There is provided a method of providing an improved biofuel, by the presence of an additive which is the reaction product of (i) a compound containing the segment —NR.sup.1R.sup.2 where R.sup.1 represents a group containing from 4 to 44 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group R.sup.1 (for example di-hydrogenated tallow amine) and (ii) a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carboxylic acid groups or an acid anhydride or acid chloride thereof (for example phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride). The additives described combat problems arising from precipitation at temperatures above the cloud point.

There is provided a method of providing an improved biofuel, by the presence of an additive which is the reaction product of (i) a compound containing the segment —NR.sup.1R.sup.2 where R.sup.1 represents a group containing from 4 to 44 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group R.sup.1 (for example di-hydrogenated tallow amine) and (ii) a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carboxylic acid groups or an acid anhydride or acid chloride thereof (for example phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride). The additives described combat problems arising from precipitation at temperatures above the cloud point.