Provided is an antioxidant capable of coating the surface layer of a coal deposit (coal pile) and further reducing the amount of oxygen permeation into the inside of the deposit. The present invention is an antioxidant for coal, containing an oil-in-water type resin emulsion having an average particle size of emulsion particles of 0.3 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. The antioxidant preferably further contains a surfactant. The worker sprays the above antioxidant on the coal deposit. This forms a consolidated layer on the surface of the coal deposit that is highly effective in suppressing oxygen permeation. Therefore, the permeation of oxygen in the air atmosphere into the inside of the coal deposit is blocked, thus preventing the oxidation of the coal.

Provided is an antioxidant capable of coating the surface layer of a coal deposit (coal pile) and further reducing the amount of oxygen permeation into the inside of the deposit. The present invention is an antioxidant for coal, containing an oil-in-water type resin emulsion having an average particle size of emulsion particles of 0.3 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. The antioxidant preferably further contains a surfactant. The worker sprays the above antioxidant on the coal deposit. This forms a consolidated layer on the surface of the coal deposit that is highly effective in suppressing oxygen permeation. Therefore, the permeation of oxygen in the air atmosphere into the inside of the coal deposit is blocked, thus preventing the oxidation of the coal.

A fuel additive composition includes: (a) one or more copolymers including:

at least one unit of formula (I) below:

##STR00001##

with u=0 or 1, E=—O— or —N(Z)—, or —O—CO—, or —CO—O— or —NH—CO— or —CO—NH—, with Z representing H or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, G represents a group chosen from a C.sub.1-C.sub.34 alkyl, an aromatic nucleus, an aralkyl including at least one aromatic nucleus and at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.34 alkyl group, and —at least one unit of formula (II) below:

##STR00002##

in which R.sub.1″ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and a methyl group, Q is chosen from an oxygen atom and a group —NR′— with R′ being chosen from a hydrogen atom and C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbon-based chains, R comprises a C.sub.1 to C.sub.34 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group.

A fuel additive composition includes: (a) one or more copolymers including:

at least one unit of formula (I) below:

##STR00001##

with u=0 or 1, E=—O— or —N(Z)—, or —O—CO—, or —CO—O— or —NH—CO— or —CO—NH—, with Z representing H or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl group, G represents a group chosen from a C.sub.1-C.sub.34 alkyl, an aromatic nucleus, an aralkyl including at least one aromatic nucleus and at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.34 alkyl group, and —at least one unit of formula (II) below:

##STR00002##

in which R.sub.1″ is chosen from a hydrogen atom and a methyl group, Q is chosen from an oxygen atom and a group —NR′— with R′ being chosen from a hydrogen atom and C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbon-based chains, R comprises a C.sub.1 to C.sub.34 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with at least one quaternary ammonium group.

Provided herein are polyolefin dispersants, as well as methods for producing polyolefin dispersants. The polyolefin dispersants can be defined by the formula below

##STR00001##

where R.sup.x is cationic initiator residue; R.sup.a is a polyolefin group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently in each —(CR.sup.1R.sup.2) unit, H, alkyl, alkoxy, or alkylaryl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each, independently, H, alkyl, or alkoxy; m is an integer from 1 to 20; n is an integer from 1 to 6; r is an integer from 1 to 4; Y is a polyvalent amine linker comprising one or more tertiary amines, wherein the polyvalent amine linker does not include a primary amine or a secondary amine; and A is absent, or comprises a dispersive moiety.

The present invention discloses a single package additive for improving lubricity and conductivity properties of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels. The single package additive is a reaction product of a fatty acid composition, a glycerol tricarboxylates, a polysulfone, a polyamine, an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid and a phenol derivative. More specifically, the present invention discloses a reaction product of: a fatty acid composition in the range of 60-95% wt/wt; a glycerol tricarboxylate in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt; a polysulfone in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; a polyamine in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; and a phenol derivative in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt. The present invention also discloses a single-pot process for the preparation of said reaction product.

The present invention discloses a single package additive for improving lubricity and conductivity properties of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels. The single package additive is a reaction product of a fatty acid composition, a glycerol tricarboxylates, a polysulfone, a polyamine, an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid and a phenol derivative. More specifically, the present invention discloses a reaction product of: a fatty acid composition in the range of 60-95% wt/wt; a glycerol tricarboxylate in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt; a polysulfone in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; a polyamine in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; and a phenol derivative in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt. The present invention also discloses a single-pot process for the preparation of said reaction product.

Fouling components within a fluid may be prevented from accumulating when an additive contacts the fluid, e.g. by coating the wellbore with the additive prior to the production of the fluid or adding the additive directly to the fluid, etc.. The additive may include, but is not limited to, a block copolymer having at least two components. The first component may be a charged monomer, and the second component may be a long chain fatty alcohol acrylate monomer. In one alternative embodiment, the fluid may be an oil-based fluid produced through a wellbore or an oil-based wellbore fluid, and the fouling components may be or include, but are not limited to, wax, paraffins, asphaltene, resins, and combinations thereof.

Fouling components within a fluid may be prevented from accumulating when an additive contacts the fluid, e.g. by coating the wellbore with the additive prior to the production of the fluid or adding the additive directly to the fluid, etc.. The additive may include, but is not limited to, a block copolymer having at least two components. The first component may be a charged monomer, and the second component may be a long chain fatty alcohol acrylate monomer. In one alternative embodiment, the fluid may be an oil-based fluid produced through a wellbore or an oil-based wellbore fluid, and the fouling components may be or include, but are not limited to, wax, paraffins, asphaltene, resins, and combinations thereof.

A method of reducing particulate emissions from a direct injection spark ignition engine, the method comprising combusting in the engine a gasoline composition comprising as an additive a quaternary ammonium compound.