Method and system for the combined production of methanol and of ammonia, and method for producing a fuel using methanol, wherein a carbon-containing energy carrier flow and an oxygen flow from an oxygen-producing assembly are fed to a synthesis gas reactor assembly for obtaining a synthesis gas flow with hydrogen and carbon oxides, wherein the synthesis gas flow is fed to a methanol reactor assembly for the partial conversion into methanol, and wherein, from the methanol reactor assembly, a residual gas flow is obtained from which a hydrogen-containing flow is obtained, which is at least partially fed to an ammonia reactor assembly and at least partially converted into ammonia there. In an enrichment step, the molar fraction of hydrogen in the synthesis gas flow obtained from the synthesis gas reactor assembly is increased relative to the molar fraction of carbon oxides prior to the feeding to the methanol reactor assembly.

Processes for natural gas production are described. The processes involve combining a membrane separation system and a thermal oxidizing system. The high and low hydrocarbon permeate streams from the membrane separation system are introduced into the thermal oxidizing system separately. The high hydrocarbon permeate stream provides fuel for the thermal oxidizing system, allowing a reduction in external fuel usage. The reduction in total fuel required yields increased gas production for the total plant. A solvent based acid gas removal system can optionally be included.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe a method of sorbing one or more compounds from a H.sub.2S-containing fluid comprising contacting a M-soc-MOF composition with a fluid containing at least H.sub.2S and one or more C.sub.2+ compounds; and sorbing at least one of the one or more C.sub.2+ compounds from the fluid. Embodiments of the present disclosure further describe a method of sorbing one or more compounds from a fluid comprising contacting a M-soc-MOF composition with a fluid containing at least H.sub.2S and one or more of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4; and sorbing at least H.sub.2S from the fluid.

A marine fuel composition for use in marine engines comprising a fuel component selected from the group consisting of high sulfur fuel oil, low sulfur fuel oil, slurry oil from a fluid catalytic cracker, heavy coker gas oil, light cycle oil from a fluid catalytic cracker, vacuum tower bottoms, atmospheric tower bottoms, low sulfur straight run, high sulfur straight run, distillate base stock, low sulfur vacuum gas oil, high sulfur vacuum gas oil, cracked or straight run fuel oil, straight run gas oil, ultra low sulfur heating oil, residues, and combinations of the same, present in an amount between 10 vol % and 99.9 vol %, and a lubricity component selected from the group consisting of a base oil, an aromatic extract, and combinations of the same, wherein a sulfur content is between 0.101 wt % and 5 wt %.

Fouling and/or asphaltene agglomeration (or flocculation) in midstream processes and transportation and in upstream transportation of a hydrocarbon oil is reduced by providing in the oil an additive combination including; (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal detergent system comprising a hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate metal salt or a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonate metal salt or a mixure of both salts or a complex thereof,
where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

This alternative fuel is a reclaimed waste product which has a solid, particulate consistency at ambient temperature. The fuel comprises a composite of petroleum pitch and a powder coating. The powder coating penetrates into the surface of the pitch. The powder coating is recycled ash, pulverized coal, or pulverized petroleum coke.

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain an organic hydride-based reductant. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in an internal combustion engines using these compositions are also provided.

A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3-8 dialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, RNO.sub.2, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided.

The present invention is directed to a process of making alkanolamides wherein the aging time is reduced and the diethanol amide to ester ratio in the finished product is increased. Further provided is an additive composition comprising an alkanolamide which contains a reduced amount of DEA and BHEP.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe water-resistant and durably high energy-density binder materials from cutin-containing materials, methods of making the binder materials, fuel compositions comprising the binder materials, methods of forming the fuel compositions in the form of pellets and/or briquettes, and the like.