A biodiesel composition comprising a stabilization agent is disclosed. The stabilization agent comprises depolymerized lignin having a weight average molecular weight of at least 360 g/mol and at most 5000 g/mol, and the TEAC value of the depolymerized lignin is at most 50% of the TEAC value of a corresponding lignin before having been depolymerized, and wherein the weight average molecular weight of the depolymerized lignin is at most 60% of the weight average molecular weight of the corresponding lignin.

The present disclosure is directed to an additive mixture and method for controlling nitrogen oxide(s) by adding the additive mixture to a feed material prior to combustion.

A liquid fuel obtained by blending heavy oil by selectively introducing hydrocarbon substances. The liquid fuel consists of a light oil component consisting of C6-C12 alkane, a catalytic component consisting of C13-C16 alkane, and a heavy oil component. On the basis of the liquid fuel, the mass fraction of the heavy oil component is 10%-90%, the mass fraction of the light oil component is 0-49%, and the mass of the catalytic component accounts for 86% or more of the mass of the light oil component; and the liquid fuel may also contain an aromatic hydrocarbon having a mass fraction of 0-15%. The obtained liquid fuel has good driving performance, combustion performance and safety, and can be applied to a diesel engine system, a diesel/heavy oil combustion system, etc., as a mixed fuel oil.

A composition including poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide material that comprises a clathrate containing oxygen gas (O.sub.2) molecules free of chlorine and a fuel, The poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide material, such as OX66™ material, is added to a fuel, such as, but not limited to, fuels such as petrol, alcohol and diesel, which are combustible in engines to create significantly increased horsepower and torque. The OX66™ material is added to fuel in different ratios to generate improved performance. The different ratios are based on several Tractors including the type and design of the engine, the type of fuel, and environmental parameters.

The present invention relates to a combustion additive comprising a colloidal solution containing dispersed fine metal particles. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the colloid. More particularly the present teaching relates to a combustion additive having a colloid, wherein the colloid comprises metal particles providing in an alkaline aqueous solution, the metal particles being dispersed within that solution and having an average diameter in the range of 30 nm to 30 μm. The colloid can partly/fully substitute water of a water injection system or used as an air humidification component for combustion.

A composition including poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide material that comprises a clathrate containing oxygen gas (O.sub.2) molecules free of chlorine and a fuel, The poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide material, such as OX66™ material, is added to a fuel, such as, but not limited to, fuels such as petrol, alcohol and diesel, which are combustible in engines to create significantly increased horsepower and torque. The OX66™ material is added to fuel in different ratios to generate improved performance. The different ratios are based on several Tractors including the type and design of the engine, the type of fuel, and environmental parameters.

A liquid fuel obtained by blending heavy oil by selectively introducing hydrocarbon substances. The liquid fuel consists of a light oil component consisting of C6-C12 alkane, a catalytic component consisting of C13-C16 alkane, and a heavy oil component. On the basis of the liquid fuel, the mass fraction of the heavy oil component is 10%-90%, the mass fraction of the light oil component is 0-49%, and the mass of the catalytic component accounts for 86% or more of the mass of the light oil component; and the liquid fuel may also contain an aromatic hydrocarbon having a mass fraction of 0-15%. The obtained liquid fuel has good driving performance, combustion performance and safety, and can be applied to a diesel engine system, a diesel/heavy oil combustion system, etc., as a mixed fuel oil.

A filter and a poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide material comprising a clathrate containing oxygen gas molecules. The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide material removes NOx from an effluent gas, such as gas emitted from an internal combustion engine. The NOx is held in stasis over a range of temperatures, and may be collected.

The present disclosure relates to a mixture that includes a first portion that includes at least one of a paraffin and/or a naphthene having between 5 carbons and 13 carbons, inclusively, at a first concentration between about 75 wt % and about 99 wt %, and a second portion that includes hydrocarbons having greater than 13 carbons at a second concentration of less than 0.05 wt %.

Treatment of hydrocarbon streams, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with reducing agents, such as borohydride and salts thereof, alone or together with at least one co-solvent results in reduction of the sulfur compounds such as disulfides, mercaptans, thiophenes, and thioethers that are present to give easily removed sulfides. In one non-limiting embodiment, the treatment converts the original sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfide or low molecular weight mercaptans that can be extracted from the distillate with caustic solutions, hydrogen sulfide or mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.