Methods of making antidegradant compounds are disclosed in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with a dicarbonyl to thereby obtain a diimine, which is reduced to obtain mixtures comprising the antidegradant compound.

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form.

A compound represented by the formula: ##STR00001## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of (i) substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with C=0 to 12 inclusive; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and (iii) substituted and unsubstituted alkylaryl; wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may optionally be bridged by a polymethylene group; wherein when C=0 in R, the combined group R.sup.1 R.sup.2 is the same as the combined group R.sup.3 R.sup.4; and wherein when C=1 in R, each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.

Methods of treating a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid are described wherein the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid is contacted with an asphaltene inhibitor composition having an ionic liquid and an asphaltene inhibitor. The ionic liquid has a cation of R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3R.sup.4N.sup.+ or R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3N.sup.+R.sup.8N.sup.+R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7 and an anion, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from hydrogen, a straight or branched C.sub.1-30 alkyl group, benzyl, a C.sub.7-30 alkylbenzyl group, a C.sub.7-30 arylalkyl group, a straight or branched C.sub.3-30 alkenyl group, a C.sub.1-30 hydroxyalkyl group, a C.sub.7-30 hydroxyalkylbenzyl group, an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene group or a zwitterion; R.sup.8 is a straight or branched C.sub.1-30 alkylene, an alkylene oxyalkylene or an alkylene polyoxyalkylene; and the anion includes halides, hydroxyl, bicarbonate, carbonate, alkyl carbonates, alkoxides, carboxylates, hydroxycarboxylates or a combination thereof.

A method of stabilizing asphaltenes in a petroleum hydrocarbon fluid comprises contacting the petroleum hydrocarbon fluid with a mixed phenol aldehyde derived from an aldehyde and two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols, the two or more unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted monophenols comprising a first phenol which is a C.sub.1-20 linear or branched alkyl monophenol; and a second phenol which is unsubstituted or a C.sub.1-20 linear or branched alkyl monophenol different from the first phenol, wherein the molar ratio of the first phenol relative to the second phenol is about 4:1 to about 1:4.

A compound represented by the formula: ##STR00001## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of (i) substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with C=0 to 12 inclusive; (ii) substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and (iii) substituted and unsubstituted alkylaryl; wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may optionally be bridged by a polymethylene group; wherein when C=0 in R, the combined group R.sup.1 R.sup.2 is the same as the combined group R.sup.3 R.sup.4; and wherein when C=1 in R, each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.

A compound represented by the formula: ##STR00001## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of (i) substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with C=0 to 12 inclusive; wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen; wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl groups and hydrogen; and wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may optionally be bridged by a polymethylene group to form a cycloalkyl; wherein when C=0 in R, the combined group R.sup.1 R.sup.2 is the same as the combined group R.sup.3 R.sup.4; and wherein when C=1 in R, each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are hydrogen.

New compositions and certain corresponding components are useful for reducing crystallization of paraffin crystals in fuels.

An improvement of the flow properties of paraffin-containing crude oil, more specifically, a means of favourably influencing the pour point of crude oil and hence improving the flow properties of paraffin-containing crude oil. The crude oil composition is a paraffin-containing crude oil and has an amount of an additive that brings about lowering of the pour point of the crude oil, wherein the additive comprises at least one copolymer composed of at least two comonomers, and wherein all comonomers that make up the copolymer are selected from the groups (a) and (b) of comonomers, and wherein group (a) is comonomers formed from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and group (b) is comonomers formed from styrene and a styrene derivative.

Antidegradant compounds are disclosed, and methods of making them, that are represented by the formula I: ##STR00001## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. Also disclosed are diimine intermediates corresponding to formula III: ##STR00002## wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of ethyl, methyl, or hydrogen. These intermediates themselves exhibit antidegradant activity.