This document relates to a fuel oil composition comprising: (i) a solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 20 microns in diameter; and (ii) a liquid fuel oil; wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material is present in an amount of at most about 30 by mass (% m) based on the total mass of the fuel oil composition. The invention further relates a process for the preparation of this fuel oil composition, a method of changing a grade of a liquid fuel oil, and a method for adjusting the flash point of a liquid fuel oil.

This invention relates to compositions and a process for stabilizing or improving the solubility of a phenolic resin containing a mixture of linear phenolic resins and calixarenes in a hydrocarbon solvent. This invention also relates to a paraffin-containing fluid composition comprising this stabilized (solubilized) calixarene resin. The invention also relates to methods for dispersing paraffin crystals, inhibiting paraffin crystal deposition, or treating a well or vessel to reduce the deposition of paraffin crystals, with a resin composition containing this stabilized (solubilized) calixarene resin.

This invention relates to a paraffin-containing fluid composition comprising a phenolic resin containing one or more calixarene compounds (i.e., a calixarene resin). The invention also relates to methods for dispersing paraffin crystals, inhibiting paraffin crystal deposition, or treating a well or vessel to reduce the deposition of paraffin crystals, with a calixarene resin.

The processes and systems herein described enable the use of CO.sub.2 to handle heavy oil fractions. A significant reduction in the requisite energy to maintain such a fuel in fluid form is attained. The energy reduction from herein described residue handling systems facilitate increased combustion plant efficiency and reduced CO.sub.2 emissions. The residue handling system is useful in refineries, power generation plants and other processes utilizing heavy oil residues as a feed.

Methods and systems for, among other embodiments, transporting renewable diesel (RD) through a pipeline, or a portion thereof, are provided. In certain embodiments, the method may include transporting the renewable diesel from a first pipeline terminal to a second pipeline terminal, the renewable diesel wrapped head and tail with a compatible diesel fuel. The method may also include restricting the transport of the diesel fuel in the pipeline to diesel fuel compositions having a first composition or first specification, the first composition or first specification characterized by a selected amount of the renewable diesel, or a component thereof, the selected amount being less than the selected amount allowed in a second target specification for the diesel fuel. The method may also include combining, at the second pipeline terminal, at least a portion of the mixed interface fraction stream with at least a portion of the diesel fuel fraction stream so as to produce a diesel fuel stream meeting the second target specification.

Polymers are provided for use in inhibiting gas hydrate formation and/or corrosion in hydrocarbon-containing fluids. The polymer comprises repeat units derived from a first monomer comprising N-[3-(dibutylamino)propyl]methacrylamide (DBAPAMA) or an alkyl, acetyl, acryloyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, N-[3-(diisobutyl)propyl]methacrylamide or an alkyl, acetyl, acryloyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, N-[3-(diisopentyl)propyl]methacrylamide or an alkyl, acetyl, acryloyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, or a combination thereof; and repeat units derived from a second monomer comprising acrylamide, N-alkylacrylamide, N-alkyl (alkyl)acrylamide, ((dialkylamino)alkyl)acrylamide or an alkyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, ((dialkylamino)alkyl)alkylacrylamide or an alkyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, acrylic acid, alkyl acrylate, N,N-(dialkylamino)alkyl acrylate or an alkyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, N,N-(dialkylamino)alkyl (alkyl)acrylate or an alkyl or benzyl quaternary salt thereof, hydroxyalkyl acrylate, hydroxyalkyl (alkyl)acrylate, acrylamido alkyl sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a diallyl dialkyl quaternary ammonium salt, or a combination thereof. The second monomer does not comprise the first monomer.

A method for reducing the propensity of a fuel to form an emulsion comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. Thus, the additive may be used as a demulsifier in a fuel.

Processes relating to thermal activation (or cracking) of ethane to an intermediate, low purity raw ethylene stream in a first stage. This stream is then mixed with a stream of biomass-derived ethanol that may contain four volume percent or more of water. The resulting mixture is reacted over a suitable catalyst at temperatures and pressures suitable to produce gasoline-range and diesel-range blend stock.

A composition is provided that includes a carbonaceous feed material to be combusted to generate an off-gas and an identifier. The identifier is associated with a predetermined composition, characteristic or property of the feed material or the off-gas.

The invention relates to polymer compositions with improved manageability. The invention also relates to a polymer composition obtainable by radical polymerisation of A) 95-40 wt. % of a monomer mixture comprising Ai) 65-98 wt. % of at least alkyl (meth)acrylate having a linear C.sub.16-C.sub.40 alkyl radical and Aii) 2-35 wt. % of at least one comonomer selected from (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylamides, which supports an optionally substituted aromatic radical bonded via an alkylene, alkenylene, oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene group to the ester group of the (meth)acrylate or to the amide group of the (meth)acrylamide, in the presence of B) 5-60% by weight % of at least one ethylene copolymer. The invention further relates to a method for the preparation and use thereof as flow improvers for paraffin-containing hydrocarbon oils.