A compound having formula (I) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl or C.sub.4-C.sub.18 heteroalkyl; m is zero, one, two or three; n is one, two or three; and j, k, p, q, r and s independently are zero, one or two; provided that at least one of j, k, p, q, r and s is not zero.

The present invention is related to a process for obtaining organic ammonium salts (OAS) and their derivatives, supramolecular surfactants (SS), which simultaneously present the properties of traceability and detergents dispersant of organic scales. Organic ammonium salts (OAS) and their derivatives supramolecular surfactants (SS) have applications as differentiators, markers, or tracers in fuels derived from hydrocarbons; and also to disperse organic scales or inhibit the gums precipitation both in injectors and intake valves of automotive vehicle engines. Organic ammonium salts (OAS) are obtained through an acid-base reaction between a molecule from the azo family and an amine. Once the OAS is obtained, it reacts with an organic compound (OC) so that through non-covalent interactions, a self-assembly process occurs that gives rise to the SS. Said process is based on green chemistry, that is, in the absence of solvents. These OAS and SS are quantified through the analytical techniques of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through a calibration curve. Additionally, its performance as a gum-dispersing agent in a single-cylinder engine is evaluated.

The present invention is related to a process for obtaining organic ammonium salts (OAS) and their derivatives, supramolecular surfactants (SS), which simultaneously present the properties of traceability and detergents dispersant of organic scales. Organic ammonium salts (OAS) and their derivatives supramolecular surfactants (SS) have applications as differentiators, markers, or tracers in fuels derived from hydrocarbons; and also to disperse organic scales or inhibit the gums precipitation both in injectors and intake valves of automotive vehicle engines. Organic ammonium salts (OAS) are obtained through an acid-base reaction between a molecule from the azo family and an amine. Once the OAS is obtained, it reacts with an organic compound (OC) so that through non-covalent interactions, a self-assembly process occurs that gives rise to the SS. Said process is based on green chemistry, that is, in the absence of solvents. These OAS and SS are quantified through the analytical techniques of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through a calibration curve. Additionally, its performance as a gum-dispersing agent in a single-cylinder engine is evaluated.

The present invention provides a method for determining the authenticity of a petroleum hydrocarbon allegedly comprising at least one specific chemical marker, as well as a method for determining adulteration of a petroleum hydrocarbon marked with at least one specific chemical marker. The methods claimed and described herein rely upon the use of specific chemical markers in combination with laser ionization at a wavelength of between about 300 nm and about 370 nm coupled with ion mobility spectrometry or with mass spectrometry.

The disclosure provides dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions. More particularly, the disclosure relates to non-mutagenic dyes for marking hydrocarbon compositions.

The present invention relates to a method for homogeneous marking of petroleum hydrocarbon stored within a reservoir on a vehicle with at least one marker. The method comprises inserting a loading arm comprising a marker injection conduit having a free end being operative to dispense a pulsating, pressurised marker stream and a gas injection conduit having a free end being operative to dispense a pulsating, pressurised gas stream into a reservoir of a vehicle. The method further comprises positioning the free end of the marker injection conduit at a marker height from a lowest surface of the reservoir and the free end of the gas injection conduit at a gas height from a lowest surface of the reservoir within petroleum hydrocarbon within the reservoir, wherein the free end of the marker injection conduit is located at the marker height which is larger than the gas height.