For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of worldwide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

Method for reducing the pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines, wherein an aqueous solution containing glyoxal and a polymer product of citric acid and glycerol is added as an additive, additive for reducing the pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines, said additive consisting of an aqueous solution containing glyoxal and a polymer product of citric acid and glycerol, and the use thereof for reducing pollutant emissions.

The present invention relates to performance enhancing additive composition comprising a mixture or a blend of (i) an acid amide; and (ii) oxide treated derivative of amine in one embodiment, and performance enhancing additive composition comprising a mixture or a blend of (i) an acid amide; and (ii) oxide treated derivative of amine, and further comprising a detergent in another embodiment, and to a fuel compositions thereof in still another embodiment, and to method of use thereof in yet another embodiment, and to a method of improving performance of a fuel and an engine in yet another embodiment.

A method of preparing a fuel composition includes placing coal having a heat content between about 3,000 BTU/lb and about 9,000 BTU/lb and a moisture content between about 20 wt % and about 60 wt % in a vessel. The coal is exposed to heat and a pressure less than atmospheric pressure within the vessel, thereby reducing the coal, such that an average primary particle size of the coal is less than 1 millimeter. A binder is introduced to the vessel, such that the coal combines with the binder to yield a mixture. The mixture is shaped to yield a fuel composition.

A three-phase fuel composition may be synthesized by producing a first composition by trapping at least one gas into pores of an adsorbent, producing a coated composition by spray coating a solution on the first composition, and mixing the coated composition with a liquid fuel.

Disclosed is a blended gasoline composition having an AKI of 87. The formulation of the blended gasoline composition leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. The blended gasoline composition contains a reduced concentration of olefins and non-amine aromatics.

A terahertz material for emission reduction and fuel saving of gasoline vehicles and its preparation method and application, includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20˜35 SiO.sub.x, 3˜15 Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 25˜45 SiO.sub.2, 15˜25 Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 20˜40 ochre, 0.5˜2 barium tungstate, 15˜25 CaCO.sub.3, wherein a preparation methodincludes: mixing the component raw materials according to the above ratio; after crushing, performing heating to 600˜1,200° C. in an oxygen-free environment, maintaining the temperature for 3˜8 hours, and then performing crushing for the second time; and performing enhancement processing with terahertz irradiation rays at 10 mW to 100 W for 5 seconds to 1 hour to obtain a terahertz material, wherein the terahertz material improves combustion efficiency by increasing the molecular activity of gasoline and air participating in combustion work and reducing molecular groups, and has the effects of emission reduction, energy saving and improving power.

The present invention relates to a combustion additive comprising a colloidal solution containing dispersed fine metal particles. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the colloid. More particularly the present teaching relates to a combustion additive having a colloid, wherein the colloid comprises metal particles providing in an alkaline aqueous solution, the metal particles being dispersed within that solution and having an average diameter in the range of 30 nm to 30 μm. The colloid can partly/fully substitute water of a water injection system or used as an air humidification component for combustion.

The disclosure provides a fuel formulation that, as a blending component, at a certain blending volume range, with transportation fuels significantly reduces criteria emissions (i.e., particle number (PN) emissions, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions, Total Hydrocarbon (THC) emissions) when compared to existing market fuels. The fuel blending component formulation comprises one or more branched alkane components, one or more cyclic alkane components, one or more alkylate component and one or more oxygenate component. The fuel blending component composition achieves reductions on a spark ignition engine (SI) of more than 60% in particulate emissions, up to 30% in NOx emissions, and up to 20% in THC emissions when blended with a reference gasoline in concentrations as low as 10% by volume. A method for reducing criteria emissions is also provided.