The present invention relates to use of Perovskite type of materials as combustion improver in gaseous and liquid fuels. Structurally, the Perovskite material consists of ABO.sub.3, A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yO.sub.3 or A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yO.sub.3 kind of material with stoichiometric deficiency and oxygen deficient sites. More particularly, the present invention relates to the nanosized perovskite materials stably dispersed in hydrocarbon medium and compatible to the fuel has been used to improve the combustion process and generate more heat output.

A method for magnetic/electrostatic/electromagnetic treatment of fluids consisting of three separate phases that are spatially and temporally decoupled. In the first phase, a magnetic/electrostatic/electromagnetic field is applied to a working fluid under circulation to obtain the directly ionized fluid. In the second phase, the directly ionized fluid is used as an ionizer or an ionizing agent for ionizing indirectly the normal non-ionized fluid by mixing the directly ionized fluid and normal non-ionized fluid in accordance with a predetermined mixing ratio and mixing method between the directly ionized fluid and normal non-ionized fluid. In the third phase, the resultant mixed or indirectly-ionized fluid is used in the proper application directly or stored in a storage tank for later use.

The present invention relates to the use of a diesel fuel additive for removing deposits in a diesel engine.

A fuel composition, a lubricant composition, and methods for reducing friction or wear of moving parts. The fuel composition includes gasoline and from about 10 to about 500 ppm by weight of a dialkylaminoalkanol of the formula R.sup.1(R.sup.2)NCH.sub.2CH(R.sup.3)R.sup.4. The lubricant composition includes base oil of lubricating viscosity and from about 0.05 to about 5.0 weight percent of a dialkylaminoalkanol of the formula R.sup.1(R.sup.2)NCH.sub.2CH(R.sup.3)R.sup.4. In the above formulas wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or a hydroxy alkyl group containing from 8 to 50 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is selected from H and OH; and R.sup.4 is selected from H, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and CH.sub.2OH and wherein at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 contains a hydroxyl group and provided that when R.sup.1 is a hydroxyalkyl group, R.sup.3 is OH and R.sup.4 is CH.sub.2OH.

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

The invention relates to a device for the fuel treatment such as petrol or diesel for internal combustion engines. The device has a housing provided with fuel supply lines at each of its opposite ends thereof. A central opening in the tubular housing that contains a metal bar that is formed of an alloy composition including copper, zinc, tin, manganese, aluminum, and iron. And the liquid fuel circulates through the fuel line in the housing where the metal center bar displaces to the second liquid fuel line.

A method of producing a fuel additive which uses hydrocarbon molecules to rearrange the molecules of a straight chain alkane, with the loss of a hydrogen molecule. This process enables straight chain alkanes to be converted into branched-chain alkanes, cyclohexenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons which are used to enhance gas and diesel fuels. The additive produced by the process reduces emissions, increases power, and increases efficiency.

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

The invention relates to the use of specific quaternized nitrogen compounds which are also subjected to specific transesterification or amidation, as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems. The invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Alternative gasoline, diesel fuel, marine diesel fuel, jet fuel, and flexible fuel compositions are disclosed. The compositions include an alcohol and/or a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers, which can be derived from renewable resources. When combined with gasoline/ethanol blends, glycerol ethers can reduce the vapor pressure of ethanol and increase fuel economy. Added to diesel fuel/alcohol blends, glycerol ethers improve the cetane value of the blends. In jet fuel, glycerol ethers can replace all or part of conventional deicing additives, lowering skin toxicity, and glycerol ethers ability to reduce particulate emissions can lower the appearance of contrails. Used in marine diesel, the reduction in particulate emissions can be environmentally significant. In another embodiment, the alternative compositions comprise gasoline, ethanol, and n-butanol, and in one aspect, the ethanol and/or n-butanol can be derived from renewable resources. Fuel additive compositions, including glycerol ethers and hydrocarbons and/or alcohols, are also disclosed.