The present disclosure relates to a method for continuously preparing a pulverulent material having a calorific power greater than the calorific power of the initial biomass, the method comprising a steam cracking step, wherein the initial biomass consists of elements having a grain size distribution of between P25 and P100, having a humidity of less than 27%, and directly subjected to a steam cracking treatment.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems to collect fine particle coal are provided herein. For example, these methods, apparatuses, and systems may be incorporated into a coal processing plant to collect a portion of the fine particle coal that is normally lost in the system. A fine particle coal also is provided. The fine particle coal may have a particle size of 1000 m or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

Provided is a renewable wet desulfurization process using a suspension bed, comprising mixing the desulfurization slurry with a hydrogen sulfide containing gas to obtain a first mixture, and passing the first mixture into a suspension bed reactor from bottom to top, with controlling the first mixture to have a dwell time of 5-60 minutes in the suspension bed reactor to allow they contact and react sufficiently with each other; and subjecting a second mixture obtained from the reaction to gas liquid separation to produce a rich solution and a purified gas, subjecting the resulting rich solution to flash evaporation and then reacting with an oxygen-containing gas for carrying out regeneration. The process of the present invention may reduce the hydrogen sulfide content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm.sup.3 to 50 ppm or less, so that the desulfurization efficiency is 98% or more. The present invention can achieve regeneration of a spent desulfurizer with a regeneration efficiency as high as 65%-83%, and the barren solution obtained by the regeneration may be recycled for being used as the desulfurization slurry, without generating secondary pollution, which is very suitable for industrial promotion.

A filter and a poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide material comprising a clathrate containing oxygen gas molecules. The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide material removes NOx from an effluent gas, such as gas emitted from an internal combustion engine. The NOx is held in stasis over a range of temperatures, and may be collected.

Provided is an integrated system for wet desulfurization using a suspension bed and regeneration, comprising a suspension bed reactor, a gas liquid separation tank, a flash evaporation tank and an oxidation regeneration tank that are connected in sequence. The integrated system is adapted to reduce the sulfur content in the hydrogen sulfide containing gas from 2.4-140 g/Nm.sup.3 to 50 ppm or less by using a suspension bed, so that the desulfurization efficiency is 98% or more. The present invention is adapted to realize regeneration of a spent desulfurizer by reacting an oxygen-containing gas with the rich solution, and the barren solution may be recycled for being used as the desulfurization slurry, without generating secondary pollution. Therefore, a process using the integrated system is simple and reasonable, with high desulfurization and regeneration efficiency, simple equipment, little occupation of land and low investment, which is very suitable for industrial promotion.

A system for forming a woody biomass component and a binder component into a solid fuel element having a predetermined density. The system includes a first compression assembly for compressing an uncompressed mixture of the woody biomass component and the binder component to provide a first compressed mixture formed into a preliminary element having a preliminary density. The system also includes a second compression assembly for compressing the preliminary element to form the solid fuel element having the predetermined density, which is greater than the preliminary density.

Fuels, hydraulic fluids and lubricants made of or comprising a portion of renewable hydrocarbon raw materials, as well as biodegradable fuels, hydraulic fluids and lubricants are known to support microbial growth. Highly toxicorganic biocides have been added to reduce microbial growth. The use of such biocides can now be avoided, by instead using a stable solution of boric acid in a solvent, the boric acid being completely dissolved or at least free from any particles larger than 100 nm in size, and adding this solution to the fuel, hydraulic fluid or lubricant to give a final concentration of boron in the range of 1-100 ppm, preferably 1-50 ppm in the product. While preventing microbial growth, the addition of boron also reduces corrosion, in particular microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC).

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form.

The present invention relates to use of Perovskite type of materials as combustion improver in gaseous and liquid fuels. Structurally, the Perovskite material consists of ABO.sub.3, A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yO.sub.3 or A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yO.sub.3 kind of material with stoichiometric deficiency and oxygen deficient sites. More particularly, the present invention relates to the nanosized perovskite materials stably dispersed in hydrocarbon medium and compatible to the fuel has been used to improve the combustion process and generate more heat output.

An algae-based powdered fuel is configured to be fluidized in a gas stream. The algae-based powdered fuel is manufactured by drying an algae slurry to produce a powdered composition and then comminuting the powdered composition to produce the fuel. The algae-based powdered fuel can be combusted in a gas turbine to generate electricity and/or to propel an aircraft.