The present invention relates to a process for producing a solid biomass fuel, as well as a solid biomass fuel produced by said process. Additionally, the present invention relates to a combustion process comprising combusting said solid biomass fuel so as to produce energy.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a solid biomass fuel from rice husks either alone or in combination with other materials such as calliandra callothyrsus or wood, as well as a solid biomass fuel produced by said process. Additionally, the present invention relates to a combustion process comprising combusting said solid biomass fuel so as to produce energy.

The present invention relates to a biomimetic-hybrid solvent system for simultaneous capture of H.sub.2S and CO.sub.2 from any gaseous composition. The present invention also relates to a process for upgradation of biogas to bio CNG by removing gaseous contaminants, including microbial removal of H.sub.2S, to obtained purified CO.sub.2. The biomimetic-hybrid solvent system contains three components selected from tertiary amine compounds, a functional colloidal fluid, and an enzyme mimic.

The present invention relates to methods for beneficiating a banded coal of the type wherein a substantial portion of the ash constituents is within the cleats. The method includes subjecting a comminuted coal feed, including coal and ash and having a particle size of about −13.5 mm, to a density separation process to separate the comminuted coal feed, using a separating gravity value of from about 1.35 up to about 1.9, into a beneficiated coal fraction and an ash containing gangue fraction. The method may include the initial steps of subjecting a coarse coal having a size of up to −150 mm to a density separation process to separate the coarse coal into an initial light coal-containing fraction and an initial heavy ash containing gangue fraction; and subjecting at least a portion of the initial light coal-containing fraction to a comminution process to form the comminuted coal feed. The invention extends to a coal product produced by said methods.

A three-phase fuel composition may be synthesized by producing a first composition by trapping at least one gas into pores of an adsorbent, producing a coated composition by spray coating a solution on the first composition, and mixing the coated composition with a liquid fuel.

Provided is an antioxidant capable of coating the surface layer of a coal deposit (coal pile) and further reducing the amount of oxygen permeation into the inside of the deposit. The present invention is an antioxidant for coal, containing an oil-in-water type resin emulsion having an average particle size of emulsion particles of 0.3 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. The antioxidant preferably further contains a surfactant. The worker sprays the above antioxidant on the coal deposit. This forms a consolidated layer on the surface of the coal deposit that is highly effective in suppressing oxygen permeation. Therefore, the permeation of oxygen in the air atmosphere into the inside of the coal deposit is blocked, thus preventing the oxidation of the coal.

A composition including poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide material that comprises a clathrate containing oxygen gas (O.sub.2) molecules free of chlorine and a fuel, The poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide material, such as OX66™ material, is added to a fuel, such as, but not limited to, fuels such as petrol, alcohol and diesel, which are combustible in engines to create significantly increased horsepower and torque. The OX66™ material is added to fuel in different ratios to generate improved performance. The different ratios are based on several Tractors including the type and design of the engine, the type of fuel, and environmental parameters.

A method is disclosed for producing a mechanically stable, energy dense and water-resistant biomass product. By utilizing a unique two-step heating process in combination with mechanical compression, the resulting biomass product retains its physical shape and strength after immersion in ambient water for many hours. The treatment is effective for a variety of cellulosic biomass materials including forest slash wood.

Mineral additive blend compositions and a method for operating a furnace are provided in order to avoid combustion problems such as agglomeration, deposition, corrosion and reducing emissions. A method for operating a furnace, such as a fluidized-bed reactor, pulverized-fuel combustor, and grate combustor, includes introducing fuel and a mineral additive blend including a clay and a functional mineral into the furnace.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems to collect fine particle coal are provided herein. For example, these methods, apparatuses, and systems may be incorporated into a coal processing plant to collect a portion of the fine particle coal that is normally lost in the system. A fine particle coal also is provided. The fine particle coal may have a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.