A modified carbon material, including a carbonaceous material and a water-insoluble modifier combined with the carbonaceous material, wherein the water-insoluble modifier is CuO, the carbonaceous material is one of or a mixture of biomass carbon or carbon black, a mass of the water-insoluble modifier is being 0.1-10 wt % of the carbonaceous material. The method for preparing the modified carbon material includes: (1) soaking the carbonaceous material in a copper sulfate solution for 5 to 36 hours, and (2) adding an alkali solution into a solution obtained in step (1) to provide a pH value ≥12, and after keeping the pH value for 0.5 to 2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain a solid. (3) using the carbonaceous material as a combustion heat source to reduce the ignition temperature, increase or reduce the peak thermal power temperature.

A combustion tool fuel cell is provided having enhanced low temperature operation, including a fuel composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon component with a total vapor pressure equal or above 95 psig at 21° C.

A composition comprising acetylene fluid at least partially solubilized in an improved solvent is described. The improved solvents exhibit non-toxicity and are further characterized by low vapor pressures to minimize solvent carryover during delivery of the acetylene fluid, while retaining suitable acetylene solubilizing capacity.

A self-contained system for grilling including a non-combustible tray, a mesh insert within the tray, defining an air-flow portion below the insert, and a fuel portion above the insert for supporting fuel (e.g., charcoal briquets), with the fuel suspended above the air-flow portion. A plurality of holes may or may not be provided through a lower portion of the tray (e.g., in a lower portion of the sidewall of the tray) to draw combustion air into the air flow portion, below the mesh insert. The system may pre-arrange the fuel in the tray during manufacture, so the user is not required to spread or even touch the briquets, or may be for use with fuel provided by a user. Clean up is very simple, as the entire system can be discarded after a single use, once cooled, as the ash is automatically collected in the bottom of the tray.

Processes for partially deoxygenating a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil to produce a fuel for a burner are disclosed. A biomass-derived pyrolysis oil stream is combined with a low recycle stream that is a portion of a deoxygenated effluent to form a heated diluted py-oil feed stream, which is contacted with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first hydroprocessing conditions effective to form the effluent stream. The effluent may be separated and used to provide a product fuel stream for a burner.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of worldwide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

An example composite waterproof fire starting puck includes a base of paraffin wax, a quantity of dried waterproof or hydrophobic moss embedded in, and surrounding, the paraffin wax, and a quantity of combustible material(s) embedded in, and projecting out of, the paraffin wax. An example composite waterproof fire starting puck may also include a wax cover. An example composite waterproof fire starting puck may also include flammable organic herbs or fragrant material(s) to provide a desirable smell during burning. When a spark or small flame is applied to the moss, the moss ignites, and after the moss ignites, the moss releases sufficient heat to ignite the quantity of combustible material(s) to melt and ignite the paraffin.

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fluids, and more particularly, a hydrocarbon lighter fluid derived from renewable sources. Specifically, the present invention relates to converting fatty acids/glycerides to a charcoal lighter fluid with the same or better performance as petroleum middle distillates.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

The invention relates to uses of hydrocarbon/lipid complexes with carotenoids for improvement properties of hydrocarbon-based products as well as related methods and uses.