Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions that can be used when the non-polar composition is in a flow, and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone with a longest span having a molecular weight that remains substantially unchanged under the flow conditions and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Processes for separating methane from a gas mixture that comprises methane and C.sub.2 gas, including C.sub.2+ gas, and other gases, including CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S, that are based upon formation of gas hydrates, and systems useful for implementing such processes, are disclosed.

A transportable and combustible gaseous suspension includes solid fuel particles suspended in a gaseous carrier. The solid fuel particles have a sufficiently small particle size so that they remain suspended during transportation. The gaseous carrier may include reactive and inert gases. The solid fuel particles may include coal-derived solid carbonaceous matter. Other examples of solid fuel particles include biomass, refined bioproducts, and combustible polymer particles. The combustible gaseous suspension can be tailored to have an energy density at atmospheric pressure which is comparable to conventional gaseous hydrocarbon fuels. The gaseous combustible fuel may be pressurized to a pressure in the range from 2 to 100 atmospheres.

This document describes methods for pretreating coal to create either a dried coal or a char product that is stable in the outdoor environment and is more efficient as a feedstock for gasification or other processes than the original coal. Embodiments of the methods include pulverizing and pelletizing the coal, and pretreating the coal pellets to obtain a stable pellet of either dried coal or a stable pellet of chared coal (coal char). The pellets created by the described methods have undergone deoxygenation and carbonization improving their handling and storage properties and, in some cases, energy density. Pore structures within the pellets are stabilized physically and chemically so that the uptake of moisture into dry coal, that leads to internal heat generation, is greatly reduced. Chars are also, therefore, stable against transitions from a dry state to a wet state and less prone to self-ignition.

A method for providing a fuel includes providing a partially purified biogas at a first processing site, where the partially purified biogas is produced by multiple biogas sources and/or from multiple feedstock sources. The partially purified biogas is compressed, fed to a mobile tank, and transported by vehicle to a second processing site. At the second processing site, which may also receive biogas from a plurality of biogas sources, the partially purified biogas is further processed to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate.

The lifetime of artificial lift systems, such as progressing cavity pumps (PCPs), used to transport aqueous slurries which contain fine particles, e.g. coal fines, may be prolonged by incorporation of at least one dispersant in the slurries. The dispersants act to inhibit or prevent the fine particles from agglomerating to plug the artificial lift intake and/or inhibit or prevent the agglomerated coal fines settling above the artificial lift system. The dispersant may also improve the lubricity of the slurry.

There is provided a process for the prevention or reduction of surge wave instabilities during the transport in a flowline of a three phase gas condensate comprising a gas phase, an aqueous phase and a condensate phase, characterized in that a dispersing agent is added to the three phase gas condensate which is able to disperse the aqueous phase in the condensate phase or the condensate phase in the aqueous phase, and a means for the prevention or reduction of surge wave instabilities during the transportation of a three phase gas condensate.

A process for producing transport fuel blendstocks comprises providing a first feedstock comprising butane and propane and a second feedstock comprising benzene and dehydrogenating the first feedstock in a first reactor to produce a C4 product comprising butane and butene and a C3 product comprising propane and propylene. The process also comprises oligomerizing the C4 product in a second reactor to produce a first transport fuel blendstock and alkylating the C3 product with the second feedstock in a third reactor to produce a second transport fuel blendstock.

A labelled methane, such as LNG, has methane and a tracer, in the form of a slush of liquids and solids. The invention especially relates to LNG having a tracer. The labelled methane may comprise, in addition to the tracer, an odorant, and a carrier for the odorant. The odorant is ethyl acetate and/or ethyl mercaptan. The carrier for the odorant is propane, n-butane, iso-butane, or a mixture of two or more thereof. A process for preparing the liquid or slush involves liquefying a gas comprising methane and tracer.

This disclosure relates to anti-agglomerant low dosage hydrate inhibitors that can inhibit the formation of hydrate agglomerants and/or plugs. Thus, provided herein are carboxy alkyl ester compounds that can be used in hydrate inhibitor compositions and methods of inhibiting formation of hydrate agglomerants in a fluid comprising water, a gas, and optionally a liquid hydrocarbon. Also provided herein are methods of making the carboxy alkyl ester compound.