A method of preparing a fuel composition includes placing coal having a heat content between about 3,000 BTU/lb and about 9,000 BTU/lb and a moisture content between about 20 wt % and about 60 wt % in a vessel. The coal is exposed to heat and a pressure less than atmospheric pressure within the vessel, thereby reducing the coal, such that an average primary particle size of the coal is less than 1 millimeter. A binder is introduced to the vessel, such that the coal combines with the binder to yield a mixture. The mixture is shaped to yield a fuel composition.

Disclosed are processes, apparatuses, and systems that can be used in natural gas pipelines to significantly reduce the CO2 emissions of the natural gas pipelines, by capturing combusted flue gas which is normally wasted and putting it back to the pipelines, which can also be monetized (e.g., carbon credits). One example process may include producing a captured CO2 stream from a combustion gas of a gas turbine in a natural gas pipeline, compressing the captured CO2 stream, and combining the compressed CO2 stream with natural gas transported in the natural gas pipeline.

A fuel oil composition of the present disclosure may comprise (i) a solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material, wherein the material is in particulate form, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% v) of the particles are no greater than about 20 microns in diameter; and (ii) a liquid fuel oil; wherein the solid hydrocarbonaceous and/or solid carbonaceous material is present in an amount of at most about 30 by mass (% m) based on the total mass of the fuel oil composition. The present disclosure further relates a process for the preparation of this fuel oil composition, a method of changing a grade of a liquid fuel oil, and a method for adjusting the flash point of a liquid fuel oil.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions and systems for drying coal fines.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid torrefied biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles; (ii) separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction; (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation to obtain a syngas mixture further comprising water and having an elevated temperature and (iv) contacting the syngas mixture with a carbonaceous compound to chemically quench the syngas mixture. The temperature of the syngas is reduced in step (iv) from between 1000 and 1600° C. to a temperature of between 800 and 1200° C.

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents. In the apparatus the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents are gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is than cooled in a water quenching device so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling. The solid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a in at least one filtration device. A gas scrubbing device then removes sulphur by scrubbing the treated gaseous material after the filtration in order to form a treated gaseous material.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product by pyrolysis or mild gasification of a solid biomass feed thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed. The solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed. The pyrolysis or mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes.

The present invention discloses a method of utilizing refuses in urban and rural areas. The method includes a refuses collection step, a refuse distributing step, a primary magnetic separation step, a primary crushing step, a primary elutriation and floatation step, a uniform cutting step, an acidification and anaerobic treatment step, a selection and separation step, a buffering and adjusting step, an additional anaerobic treatment step and a sludge sedimentation and concentration step. The present invention can make the anaerobic treatment method continuatively dispose the refuses, thereby thoroughly solving the problem that non-anaerobic refuses such as waste plastics, water fiber etc. can not be recycled and completely recycling resources in the refuses.

Fuel gas compositions for use in metal fabrication are provided comprising fuel gases comprising a base fuel gas mixed with from about 1% to less than 30% hydrogen.

A biomass upgrading process comprises a steam-cracking step for producing a granulated combustible product, and, prior to the granulation step, a step of mixing an intermediate pulverulent product resulting from the steam-cracking of the biomass and a pulverulent material having a high lignin content.