A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

A process for the separation of a natural gas stream is provided. The process includes receiving an effluent gas flow from a first fractionator operating at a first pressure, splitting the effluent gas flow into a first stream and a second stream, and passing the first stream through a heat exchanger thereby causing a phase change of at least a portion of the first stream from a gaseous state to a liquid state. The process includes inserting the first stream into an upper portion of a second fractionator operating at a second pressure. The second pressure is lower than the first pressure. The process includes inserting the second stream into a lower portion of the second fractionator, and diverting liquids from a lower portion of the second fractionator to the first fractionator.

The methods apparatuses described herein involve recovering of glycol from an aqueous phase to form a stream of recovered glycol and a glycol recovery system. The aqueous phase is fed to the top of a lower theoretical stage in a distillation column. An overhead vapor stream is drawn from the distillation column overhead of an upper theoretical stage, and a bottom stream comprising a stream of regenerated glycol is drawn from the distillation column via a bottom outlet configured below the lower theoretical stage. The stream of recovered glycol comprises the regenerated glycol. In addition, a first middle theoretical stage is situated within the distillation column gravitationally above the lower theoretical stage and below the upper theoretical stage. A side stream of liquid water is drawn from the bottom of the upper theoretical stage in the distillation column.

A torrefaction method comprises forwarding biomass through a process chamber; heating the biomass in the process chamber to a predetermined temperature and pyrolyzing the biomass to release syngas from the biomass, wherein the syngas contains at least 20% of the power contained in the flow of the biomass; and oxidizing the syngas to heat the biomass in the process chamber.

An apparatus for handling hot coal is provided, comprising —a cooling structure arranged to receive coal from a process chamber and to cool the coal in an atmosphere impeding ignition; and —a pneumatic conveyor system arranged to move coal by air pressure; wherein the cooling structure is configured to cool the coal to a surface temperature allowing the pneumatic conveyor system to convey the coal across a predetermined distance without the coal igniting.

A system for preventing a catalyst from overheating is provided. The system includes: a first reactor filled with a catalyst at least in part and configured to receive reaction gas and produce product gas; and a second reactor configured to cool a catalyst discharged from the first reactor. The catalyst is circulated between the first reactor and the second reactor by injecting the catalyst cooled in the second reactor into the first rector.

A biomass solid fuel is provided which, when exposed to rain water, has a reduced COD in discharged water and has low disintegration-property, while suppressing an increase in cost. The present invention relates to a biomass solid fuel obtained by molding pulverized biomass, having a fuel ratio (fixed carbon/volatile matter) of 0.2 to 0.8, dry-basis higher heating value of 4800 to 7000 (kcal/kg), a molar ratio of oxygen O to carbon C (O/C) of 0.1 to 0.7, and a molar ratio of hydrogen H to carbon C (H/C) is 0.8 to 1.3.

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals).

Disclosed herein is a binder-free product and process for making the product. The product is a mechanically stable, water resistant torrefied biomass product that does not comprise an extrinsic binder additive. The product is made using a combination of appropriate pre-treatment steps and compressing the conditioned biomass feedstock into a thermally managed compaction device comprising at least one modified die. The modified die allows for differential cooling/heating modifications so as to control the temperature near the entrance to the compaction device and passing the formed torrefied biomass into a post-formation curing zone.

A composition is provided that includes: a carbonized carbon having an iodine number of at least 60 mg/g and a domain size of between 1.0 and 2.3 nm. An article or fuel is provided that includes the composition in a polymer forming a matrix or water suspension, respectively. A composition of so provided and derived from wood has been assigned a new CAS number (CAS No. 1362167-53-0).