It is disclosed a combustible article of manufacture comprising a treated lignin composition and a combustible support, wherein the treated lignin composition is attached to at least a portion of an external surface of the combustible support with a force greater than the force of gravity relative to the treated lignin composition. The treated lignin composition comprises solid lignin and has a moisture content in the range of 35% to 80% percent by weight. The combustible support is preferably a hardwood chip, but it may be also softwood chips, coal, coke, and shredded tires.

It is also disclosed a fuel composition comprising a plurality of the combustible article.

Formulations and methods of making wood pellets treated with lignin sulfonate as an anti-autooxidative component to reduce the rate of self-heating of bulk wood pellets. The lignin sulfonate may be used as a binder in the wood pellets or the wood pellets may be sprayed with lignin sulfonate for an encapsulated wood pellet. Wood pellets having the lignin sulfonate have a lowered potential of self-heating below high reactivity pellets and better structural durability during storage and transportation without adversely affecting the fuel value of the wood pellets.

Structured composite wood pellets comprising wood pellets with a coating at least partially covering the wood pellets, where the coating reduces the generation of dust/fines of the wood pellet upon impact and/or abrasion. The coating may comprise crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil pitch, tall oil fatty acids, tall oil heads, non-food use sustainable wax, or a combination thereof. The coating may be located at the surface and/or subsurface of the wood pellets rather than throughout, and may be applied at a rate of less than 1 wt. % of the wood pellets.

A transportable and combustible gaseous suspension includes solid fuel particles suspended in a gaseous carrier. The solid fuel particles have a sufficiently small particle size so that they remain suspended during transportation. The gaseous carrier may include reactive and inert gases. The solid fuel particles may include coal-derived solid carbonaceous matter. Other examples of solid fuel particles include biomass, refined bioproducts, and combustible polymer particles. The combustible gaseous suspension can be tailored to have an energy density at atmospheric pressure which is comparable to conventional gaseous hydrocarbon fuels. The gaseous combustible fuel may be pressurized to a pressure in the range from 2 to 100 atmospheres.

A fire kindling device and method having a wick and a coated fuel material strip. A user loosely rolls the coated fuel material strip into a spiraled cylindrical coil defining and creating a gap between radially spaced sections. The user places the spiraled cylindrical coil in an upright position, presses the wick into a centrally located apex point over the radius of the spiraled cylindrical coil and down the exterior side wall and then stacks combustible kindling material around the spiraled cylindrical coil. The wick is ignited, igniting the fire fuel causing the fire fuel to ignite the coated fuel material strip within the spiraled cylindrical coil, thereby causing a kindling fire. The sections are ignited nearly simultaneously, igniting the combustible kindling material. The fire fuel transforms into a combustible gas within the gap, augmenting combustion of the fire fuel, and increasing the temperature of the kindling fire.

This alternative fuel is a reclaimed waste product which has a solid, particulate consistency at ambient temperature. The fuel comprises a composite of petroleum pitch and a powder coating. The powder coating penetrates into the surface of the pitch. The powder coating is recycled ash, pulverized coal, or pulverized petroleum coke.

The present invention relates to a method for producing agglomerates from a feedstock comprising at least one biomass stream, the method comprising the steps of: combining the feedstock with one or more binding reagents; and introducing the feedstock into an agglomeration apparatus in the presence of a polymerisation activator to produce the agglomerates.

A method for producing charcoal particles or pellets which use different additives as binders for the biochar pellets. The method includes producing a mixture with charcoal and additives selected from nanocrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline fibrils, bentonite, and polyvinyl acetate. The mixture is created by mixing one or more of the additives with charcoal or bentonite. The mixture is then processed in a pelletizer device. While processing, the surface of the mixture is sprayed with a liquid. Once turned into pellets by way of the pelletizer device, the resulting pellets are then dried by applying heat to the pellets. The liquid can be water or a solution of water and sodium borate.

In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon composition comprising a low fixed carbon material with a fixed carbon concentration from 20 wt % to 55 wt %; a high fixed carbon material with a fixed carbon concentration from 50 wt % to 100 wt % (and higher than the fixed carbon concentration of the low fixed carbon material; from 0 to 30 wt % moisture; from 0 to 15 wt % ash; and from 0 to 20 wt % of one or more additives (such as a binder). Some variations provide a process for producing a biocarbon composition, the process comprising: pyrolyzing a first biomass-containing feedstock to generate a low fixed carbon material; separately pyrolyzing a second biomass-containing feedstock to generate a high fixed carbon material; blending the low fixed carbon material with the high fixed carbon material, thereby generating an intermediate material; optionally, blending one or more additives into the intermediate material; optionally, drying the intermediate material; and recovering a biocarbon composition containing the intermediate material or a thermally treated form thereof.

The solvated metal particle-coating system includes a metal additive and a polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent. The metal additive is solvated in the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent. The polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent may include liquid ammonia, methylamine, and/or hexamethylphosphoramide. The metal additive may include an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The solvated metal additive within the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent may be used to coat a metal particle and/or a metalloid particle as a layer. As the polar outer-sphere electron transferring solvent evaporates, the solvated metal additive is coupled to the metal particle and/or the metalloid particle.