A method for treating petroleum, petroleum fraction, or natural gas, the process comprising: adding a) a first component which is selected from material, particularly roots, of a plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza, and/or an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and b) a second component which is selected from a plant material or -ingredient comprising plastids, algae and/or cyanobacteria,
to the petroleum, petroleum fraction, or natural gas.

The present invention relates to a process for preparation of metal free, nontoxic, hydrocarbon fuel compatible fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQD), which act as marker as well as lubricity improver. CQDs are highly stable in non-polar hydrocarbons, at ppm level exhibit distinct fluorescent color upon irradiation with light of specific wavelength and exhibit distinct spectral properties compared to non-polar base hydrocarbons.

Apparatuses including offshore porous floating bioreactors for containing algae water slurries in a saltwater environment. The porous floating bioreactors include a top portion and a bottom portion. At least a portion of the top portion is composed of a first transparent material and at least a portion of the bottom portion is porous. The offshore porous floating bioreactors may be deployed in a saltwater environment to facilitate one or both of cultivation or lipid induction of an algae water slurry contained therein.

The present invention is directed towards a process for upgrading lignite comprising: prior to production pre-assess the calorific value of the coal, by selecting a relational expression between a calorific value of lignite and a degree of metamorphism, a moisture content and an ash content thereof based on a ratio of the ash content to the moisture content, pre-assess the calorific value of the coal; combining a relational expression between a production cost and the ash content and moisture content to make a cost budget; determining degrees of deashing and drying; selecting and implementing a lignite ash reduction pretreatment process; and implementing dry sorting first and then drying. The upgrading process has high sorting efficiency, high drying efficiency and low production cost, and meets the requirement for the surface moisture of the raw coal in the dry sorting operation.

The present disclosure relates to the field of the catalytic technologies, and provides a p-type TiO.sub.2/n-type WO.sub.3 heterojunction catalyst and its preparation and use in photochemical synthesis of fuels. The catalyst comprises p-type TiO.sub.2 and n-type WO.sub.3 supported on a surface of the p-type TiO.sub.2. The disclosure proposes to support n-type WO.sub.3 onto a surface of p-type TiO.sub.2. The catalyst has high catalytic efficiency, and is particularly suitable for use in photocatalytic processes for synthesizing fuels.

The present invention is directed towards a process for upgrading lignite comprising: prior to production pre-assess the calorific value of the coal, by selecting a relational expression between a calorific value of lignite and a degree of metamorphism, a moisture content and an ash content thereof based on a ratio of the ash content to the moisture content, pre-assess the calorific value of the coal; combining a relational expression between a production cost and the ash content and moisture content to make a cost budget; determining degrees of deashing and drying; selecting and implementing a lignite ash reduction pretreatment process; and implementing dry sorting first and then drying. The upgrading process has high sorting efficiency, high drying efficiency and low production cost, and meets the requirement for the surface moisture of the raw coal in the dry sorting operation.

Disclosed is a method for removing an antibiotic resistance gene by using ionizing radiation, wherein same comprises treating antibiotic-microorganism residues using ionizing radiation to destroy the DNA of microbial cells, thereby realizing the effective removal of the resistance gene, and same can simultaneously degrade residual antibiotics, wherein the ionizing radiation is performed using gamma rays or a high energy electron beam generated by an electron accelerator. The radiation in the method can be performed at room temperature and has broad application prospects in the environmental field.

A continuous flow treatment apparatus comprises a heating fluid management portion and a feces treatment portion. The heating fluid management portion is configured to heat heating fluid and provide the heated heating fluid to a heat exchanger. The feces treatment portion comprises the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is configured to receive feces at a first position of the heat exchanger, indirectly heat the feces via the heated heating fluid as the feces are transported from the first position to a second position of the heat exchanger, and provide the heated feces at the second position. The feces are maintained at a minimum temperature for a predetermined amount of time such that the feces exiting the feces treatment portion have been rendered sanitary for at least one of storage or further processing.

A process of making a fuel product from a non-combustible high protein organic material such as a biological by-product or waste material. The moisture content of the high protein organic material is mechanically reduced and dried to reduce the moisture content to less than ten percent (10%). The high protein organic material is pulverized to a particle size of less than about 2 mm. The high protein organic waste material is fed into a combustion chamber and separated during combustion such as by spraying high protein organic waste material within the combustion chamber. Temperature and combustion reactions within the combustion chamber are controlled by controlling the moisture in the combustion atmosphere and energy injections at or downstream of the combustion chamber. The concentration of protein thermal decomposition by-products, temperature, and residence time and/or additions of energy plasma within the combustion chamber environment are controlled to degrade hazardous polyfluoro compounds.

A method for converting agricultural biomass or industrial bio waste into biofuel using concentrated radiated energy is disclosed. Biomass or bio waste is stored inside a batch reactor in either solid or semisolid state. Unwanted moisture and unwanted oxygen are removed from the stored agricultural biomass or industrial bio waste. Concentrated radiated energy is directed towards the biomass or bio waste through a radiated energy concentrator that focuses the concentrated radiated energy. Biomass or bio waste is kept within the depth of focus of the concentrated radiated energy during the conversion operation. Due to substantial matching of the absorption peak of biomass or bio waste with the emission peak of the concentrated radiated energy, the biomass or bio waste that is within the depth of focus instantaneously decomposes into biofuel. The biofuel thus generated is at ambient temperature with higher energy density.