The present invention relates to a two-stage process for production of drop-in fuels/alcohols (methanol, ethanol or butanol) from volatile fatty acids produced either synthetically from fossil resources or as metabolic intermediates in acidification step of anaerobic digestion process from waste biomass and organic materials.

The present invention relates broadly to a renewable methane production module (10). The production module (10) generally comprises: 1. a water capture generator 12 designed for directly capturing water from atmosphere to provide water in a liquid form at (14); 2. an electrolyser (16) operatively coupled to the water capture generator (12) for electrolysis of the liquid water to produce hydrogen at (18); 3. a reactor (20) operatively coupled to the electrolyser (16) for reacting the hydrogen with carbon dioxide at (22) to produce renewable methane at (24).

A series of 2,2′-dipyridyl ketone (DPK) containing metal complexes have been synthesized with metals including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, and Pt. These complexes have one, two or three DPK ligands chelated to the metal center. In addition to the DPK ligands the complexes can comprise halogen ligands that can easily exchange with carbon dioxide to allow for reduction to small molecules such as methanol or oxalate. Initial electrochemical measurements show a reversible binding of carbon dioxide to the metal catalyst.

A process and system for producing an engineered fuel product that meets customer specifications for composition and combustion characteristics is provided. The engineered fuel product is preferably a high-BTU, alternative fuel that burns cleaner than coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) and has significantly reduced NOx, SO.sub.2 and GHG emissions.

An apparatus that functions as an influent multiple passage reactor adaptable to simultaneously carry out a series of functions including effluent contaminant dissociation and molecular oxidation utilizing electrolytic and catalytic reactions is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a concentric outside that may be constructed of an electrically conductive material to serve as a first electrode. A smaller second concentric electrode mounted inside the outside housing may serve as a first cathode, with a third but smaller concentric electrode mounted inside the first cathode serving as a second anode, with yet a fourth but even smaller concentric electrode mounted inside the second anode serving as a second cathode and thereof (with additional anode/cathodes further included as desired). Between each electrode an influent passageway is formed with the series of electrodes and passageways stabilized by two slotted end caps which also serve to seal the apparatus housing. When DC current is supplied from a power source to a corresponding influent containing sodium chloride, reactive oxygen and chloride species are produced.

A methane (CH.sub.4) gas is synthesized from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) using catalyst-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In the method and apparatus for synthesizing methane gas of the invention, methane (CH.sub.4) gas, which is synthetic natural gas, can be effectively synthesized only from carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and hydrogen (H.sub.2) using DBD plasma at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and also, additional heating and pressurization devices are not used during the methane gas synthesis process, thus reducing production costs and realizing high-value-added processing due to the absence of risks during the processing.

The present disclosure relates to a flue gas treatment system (e.g. a multi-pollutant flue gas treatment system) for removal of greenhouse gases such as SO.sub.2, NO, NO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, HCl, water and CO.sub.2 as well as heavy metals (e.g. mercury, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, lead and/or selenium) from the flue gases of fossil-fueled utility and industrial plants by reacting the raw flue gas, firstly, with chlorine in a gas-phase oxidation reaction and recovering the resulting products as marketable products, and then, secondly, treating the cleaned gas, which includes CO.sub.2, with a Sabatier reaction to produce a hydrocarbon fuel (e.g. methane). The system also includes an electrolytic unit for electrolyzing HCl to produce hydrogen gas for the Sabatier reaction as well as chlorine gas, which may then be recycled into the reactor.

The present invention discloses a single stage energy efficient process for production of hydrogen enriched/mixed gas at low temperature. More particularly, the present invention discloses a single stage energy efficient process for production of hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (CNG) or LPG or biogas at low temperature.

Production of fuels from low carbon electricity and from carbon dioxide by the use of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and Fischer-Tropsch is shown. Fischer-Tropsch is an exothermic reaction that can be used to produce steam. Steam produced from the Liquid Fuel Production (LFP) reactor system, where the Fischer-Tropsch reaction occurs, is used as feed to the SOEC. The higher temperature steam improves the efficiency of the overall electrolysis system. The integration of the LFP steam improves the efficiency of the electrolysis because the heat of vaporization for the liquid water does not have to be supplied by the electrolyzer.

A power-generation system having a combined heat and power plant and a fermentation plant has an electrolysis plant, which is connected by lines to both the combined heat and power plant and to the fermentation plant. This arrangement enables a method in which heat from a combined heat and power plant can be used for a fermentation plant and additionally heat from an electrolysis plant can be used for the fermentation plant, whilst the oxygen from the electrolysis plant is used for the combined heat and power plant.