A dynamically adjustable rate sulfur recovery process continuously calculates and adjusts sour gas stream operating pressure and/or flow rate to maximize sweet gas output, thereby improving efficiency. A corresponding desulfurization system may include a fixed-sized pressure vessel, a flow control valve that controls the rate of flow of a sour gas stream into the pressure vessel, a sensor that measures sulfur concentration in the sour gas stream, a reagent tank, an oxidizer tank, and a phase separator that separates sweet gas as a gaseous phase after hydrogen sulfide in the sour gas stream in the pressure vessel is converted to elemental sulfur, sulfur species, or both by contact with reagent from the reagent tank and oxidizer from the oxidizer tank. A PLC (programmable logic controller) continuously calculates updated flow rates based on sulfur concentration measurements from the sensor to achieve maximum sweet gas production.

The instant invention describes a method and system for producing biodiesel which increases energy efficiency by reducing the overall amount of energy associated with producing the biodiesel. Unlike most systems which use a batch procedure, the instant method and system utilize a continuous flow sonification procedure which provides for reactions to take place in tubes as the biodiesel moves along through the process. The continuous flow sonification procedure is performed in two main stages, utilizing the steps of acid esterification, transesterification, and a waterless washing.

The present disclosure describes a new production process of alkylate gasoline through the application of a Batch reactor which mixes a hydrocarbon feed from an alkylation plant containing olefins and iso-paraffins, and methanesulfonic acid as the catalyst, under certain conditions of pressure, and temperature, at weight ratio no lower than 50 weight % of catalyst respective to hydrocarbons, and a stirring velocity of 1000 rpm. The alkylate product keeps a quality similar to that obtained using commercial catalysts such as sulfuric acid. The new catalyst can be reused up to 4 reaction cycles without significant reduction in its catalytic activity.

A method of producing a liquid fuel includes: causing a raw material gas containing at least a carbon oxide and hydrogen to flow into a reactor storing a catalyst; and producing the liquid fuel from the raw material gas through a conversion reaction in the presence of the catalyst. The raw material gas further contains an inert gas. A ratio of a concentration of carbon monoxide to a concentration of carbon dioxide in the carbon oxide is 0.9 or less.