A biomass solid fuel manufacturing method, including: a heating step of carbonizing a biomass molded body formed by molding raw material biomass, in an external heating type rotary kiln, in which the rotary kiln includes a non-heating zone that is provided on an upstream side of a kiln body and is not provided with a heating unit on an outer circumference, the non-heating zone includes a spiral blade on an inner circumferential surface, and in the heating step, the biomass molded body is introduced to the non-heating zone of the kiln body.

Systems and methods for rendering cannabis-related waste materials are provided. The method may include inserting a plurality of cannabis-related waste materials into, for example, a mobile rendering vehicle. The method may further include physically altering the cannabis-related waste materials such that the cannabis-related waste materials are unrecognizable and unusable. The insertion of the cannabis-related waste materials into the mobile rendering vehicle may be recorded and/or the physical alteration (e.g., pulverization) of the cannabis-related waste materials may be recorded via one or more cameras disposed on the mobile rendering vehicle to verify proper insertion and/or alteration of the cannabis-related waste materials.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions and systems for drying coal fines.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a solid biomass fuel, as well as a solid biomass fuel produced by said process. Additionally, the present invention relates to a combustion process comprising combusting said solid biomass fuel so as to produce energy.

An apparatus for handling hot coal is provided, comprising —a cooling structure arranged to receive coal from a process chamber and to cool the coal in an atmosphere impeding ignition; and —a pneumatic conveyor system arranged to move coal by air pressure; wherein the cooling structure is configured to cool the coal to a surface temperature allowing the pneumatic conveyor system to convey the coal across a predetermined distance without the coal igniting.

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A high-efficiency food waste carbonization process using a carbonizer specially designed to function at a specific range of temperatures to work efficiently, with minimal energy input and designed to reduce volume and to produce charcoal that may be used as a fuel. The invention is designed to work with high-moisture materials such as food waste.

A system and method for producing a modified coal ash involves collecting a bulk quantity of such coal ash, generally after it has been produced or landfilled, or is otherwise at temperatures closer to ambient, as opposed to power plant operational temperatures. In one possible implementation, the method herein involves removing carbon from the coal ash, such removal occurring by exposing the carbon to indirect heat, that is, externally-applied heat. For coal ashes with higher ash content. This removal is accomplished by subjecting the coal ash stream to heat, in one implementation, ranging between 850° F. and 1200° F., and such heat exposure occurring from about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes. The range of exposure time for the coal ash is determined so as to reduce the LOI from its initial level to a level acceptable for intended re-use or recycling. In one application, the LOI of carbon in the ash is reduced to 3% or less carbon. Upon completion of the range of the exposure time, the coal ash stream is removed from the sublimation heat, thereby forming a modified coal ash.

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A method and an apparatus for manufacturing, with thermal treatment, biocoal which is non-energent, such as functional as a heat sink, by using a conveyor arrangement housed in an essentially Thompson Converter type process space. A to-be-processed feedstock is conveyed in the process space with the conveyor arrangement, which is closed relative thereto, in a longitudinal direction of the process space. A pyrolysis gas, generated from the to-be-processed feedstock present inside the conveyor arrangement as a result of heat transferring from the process space thereto, is conducted into a combustion chamber included in the process space for burning the gas, a thereby generated flue gas being removed from the process space by a discharge arrangement and a resulting non-energent biocoal being removed from the conveyor arrangement for further processing.