Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

Methods of separating and purifying products from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the products from a pyrolysis reactor are recovered and purified using a hydrotreating step that reduces the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen components, and hydrogenates olefins to produce aromatic products that meet commercial quality specifications.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a product by hydrolyzing a raw material containing vegetable waste comprising, a hydrolysis treatment step of subjecting the raw material to a hydrolysis treatment with steam by a hydrolysis treatment apparatus, a washing step of washing the hydrolyzed raw material with a washing liquid by a cleaning apparatus, and a solid-liquid separation step of separating the washed raw material into a solid component and a liquid component by a solid-liquid separation apparatus, wherein at least one of the solid content or the liquid con-tent is used as the product.

A municipal solid waste recycling facility for producing a solid recovered fuel is provided. The municipal solid waste recycling facility includes a pre-shredding unit and a shredding unit. The pre-shredding unit includes a trommel configured to sort a first stream of solid waste by size into a second stream of solid waste and a third stream of solid waste. The shredding unit includes a primary shredder configured to shred the second stream of solid waste.

A three-phase fuel composition may be synthesized by producing a first composition by trapping at least one gas into pores of an adsorbent, producing a coated composition by spray coating a solution on the first composition, and mixing the coated composition with a liquid fuel.

A process and system for producing an engineered fuel product that meets customer specifications for composition and combustion characteristics is provided. The engineered fuel product is preferably a high-BTU, alternative fuel that burns cleaner than coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) and has significantly reduced NOx, SO.sub.2 and GHG emissions.

Solid fuel starter, including its manufacturing method, that utilizes agricultural biomass that displays high level of absorbency is provided. The anatomy of the typical biomass material, like corn cob, consists of several segments: a pith portion which includes a sponge like tissue infiltrated with a heating agent; a woody ring portion which surrounds an outer circumferential surface of the pith portion and maintains the rigidity of a body of the rapid flame starter; and a chaff portion which extends from the woody ring portion and includes an amorphous mane-like shell formed thereon. With an appropriate manufacturing technique, this type of agricultural biomass can be transformed into an efficient and rapid flame starter.

A waste treatment system 100 for performing a hydrothermal treatment of wastes includes a hydrothermal treatment device 10 for performing the hydrothermal treatment by bringing steam into contact with the wastes, a storage facility 8, 9 for storing a fuel produced from a reactant of the hydrothermal treatment, and a heat recovery steam generator 18 for generating the steam to be supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 10. The heat recovery steam generator 18 is configured to generate the steam by using a combustion energy generated by combustion of the fuel stored in the storage facility 8, 9.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems to collect fine particle coal are provided herein. For example, these methods, apparatuses, and systems may be incorporated into a coal processing plant to collect a portion of the fine particle coal that is normally lost in the system. A fine particle coal also is provided. The fine particle coal may have a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.