Methods for aerosol capture are provided. In some embodiments, the method of aerosol capture may include passing an aerosol through a material in a bulk liquid phase to gather at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. The gathered portion of the one or more aerosol components may include at least a hydrocarbon compound. In some embodiments, the gathered portion of the one or more aerosol components includes at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include a liquid hydrocarbon, which may include a hydrocarbon fuel.

A process for producing transport fuel blendstocks comprises providing a first feedstock comprising butane and propane and a second feedstock comprising benzene and dehydrogenating the first feedstock in a first reactor to produce a C4 product comprising butane and butene and a C3 product comprising propane and propylene. The process also comprises oligomerizing the C4 product in a second reactor to produce a first transport fuel blendstock and alkylating the C3 product with the second feedstock in a third reactor to produce a second transport fuel blendstock.

A method of converting cellulosic feedstock to bio coal. The cellulosic feedstock in a carrier of process fluid is introduced within a conduit having substantially linear portions connected by curved portions creating a serpentine structure. The substantially linear portions are surrounded by tubular sleeves creating annular spaces between the tubular sleeves and substantially linear portions for carrying a high temperature fluid for transferring thermal energy to the cellulosic feedstock and process fluid. The cellulosic feedstock is maintained in an oxygen-free environment. The method is continuous as the cellulosic feedstock in process fluid is subjected to a plurality of mixing elements characterized as having no edges perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the plurality of substantially linear segments and which are sized and positioned within the plurality of substantially linear segments such no mixing elements are in contact with one another resulting in an open region of travel for fluids passing from the conduit inlet to conduit outlet.

Certain aspects of natural gas liquid fractionation plant waste heat conversion to simultaneous power and potable water using Kalina Cycle and modified multi-effect-distillation system can be implemented as a system. The system includes a waste heat recovery heat exchanger network coupled to multiple heat sources of a Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) fractionation plant. The heat exchanger network is configured to transfer at least a portion of heat generated at the multiple heat sources to a first buffer fluid and a second buffer fluid flowed through the first heat exchanger network. The system includes a first sub-system configured to generate power. The first sub-system is thermally coupled to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger. The system includes a second sub-system configured to generate potable water from brackish water. The second sub-system is thermally coupled to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger.

A method of removing impurities from formation fluids includes introducing a formation fluid into a first end of a first tubular, directing the formation fluid along a first flow path toward a second end of the first tubular, redirecting the formation fluid along a second flow path defined by a second tubular arranged radially outwardly of the first flow path toward the first end, spraying a treatment fluid along the first flow path into the formation fluid, and directing a treated formation fluid through an outlet fluidically connected to the second flow path.

An in-line pipe contactor includes a first tubular having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines a first flow path and the outer surface defines, in part, a second flow path. A second tubular is arranged radially outwardly of the first tubular. The second tubular includes an outer surface portion and an inner surface portion. The inner surface portion defines at least in part, the second flow path. A first end cap is mounted at the first end. The first end cap supports a first plurality of atomizers. At least one of the first plurality of atomizers is directed along the first flow path. A second end cap is mounted at the second end portion. The second end cap supports a second plurality of atomizers. At least one of the second plurality of atomizers is directed along the second flow path.

The invention provides a method for generating a solid wood-based material and a hemicellulose-derived material from a wood raw material, said method comprising; i) treating the wood raw material under aqueous conditions at elevated temperature and pressure whereby to generate a hemicellulose-containing fluid component and a solid component; ii) separating said fluid component from said solid component; iii) processing at least a part of said solid component into a solid wood-based material; and iv) processing said liquid component into a hemicellulose-derived material. The invention also provides for a wood-derived fuel with a low ash content.

A treatment system for remediating some forms of sulfur, CO.sub.2, and other contaminants/impurities from a gas stream includes at least one of a process vessel and a treatment coil. Each of the vessel and treatment coil have internals, different in design from each other, which promote intimate mixing and extended contact time between a treatment composition and a gas being treated. The vessel, which additionally facilitates vapor/liquid separation, operates about one-half to two-thirds full of liquid treatment composition. In some embodiments, the treatment coil is a serpentine arrangement of piping, into which the atomized treatment composition is injected on a continuous basis.

A device includes a rotary drum and a fluid conduit. The rotary drum has a horizontal rotation axis and the drum has a sealed inlet end and a sealed outlet end. The drum is configured to receive biomass proximate the inlet end and has a discharge port proximate an outlet end. The fluid conduit is disposed along an inner surface of the drum. The fluid conduit is configured to carry heated fluid and has a coupling external to the drum.

A system for the hydrothermal carbonization of a flowable biomass comprises a pump, a heat exchanger and a tubular reactor. The pump is connected to the heat exchanger via a delivery conduit for the flowable biomass, and the heat exchanger is connected to the tubular reactor via a connecting conduit. The heat exchanger contains an insert element and the tubular reactor contains no insert element.